OGEA-103 TOGAF Enterprise Architecture Combined Part 1 and Part 2 Exam Questions and Answers

The ability to develop, use, and sustain the architecture of a particular enterprise using architecture to govern change is an EA Capability. An EA Capability is a set of skills, processes, roles, responsibilities, tools, and techniques that enable an enterprise to successfully develop and maintain its Enterprise Architecture and achieve its desired outcomes. An EA Capability is part of an enterprise’s overall capability portfolio and should be aligned with its strategy and objectives. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.2 Preliminary Phase.

The Architecture Requirements Repository stores all the requirements that are output of the architecture development cycle, as well as the requirements that are input to the architecture development cycle1. The Architecture Requirements Repository includes the following types of requirements1:

•Stakeholder Requirements: These are the high-level requirements and expectations of the stakeholders, derived from the business drivers, goals, and objectives. They are captured and refined in the Architecture Vision phase and the Requirements Management phase.

•Architecture Requirements: These are the detailed requirements that specify what the architecture must do or deliver to meet the stakeholder requirements. They are derived and refined in the Business, Information Systems, and Technology Architecture phases.

•Implementation and Migration Requirements: These are the detailed requirements that specify what the implementation and migration projects must do or deliver to realize the architecture. They are derived and refined in the Opportunities and Solutions and Migration Planning phases.

The Architecture Requirements Repository is used to manage the architecture requirements throughout the architecture lifecycle, ensuring their traceability, consistency, and compliance1. The Architecture Board is the authority that reviews and approves the architecture requirements, as well as the architecture deliverables and artifacts, as part of the architecture governance process2.

When considering agile development, Architecture to Support Project will identify what products the enterprise needs, the boundary of the products, and what constraints a product owner has. This defines the enterprise’s backlog. A backlog is a list of features or tasks that need to be done to deliver a product or service. It is prioritized by the product owner based on the value and urgency of each item. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.5 Architecture to Support Project.

The Implementation Governance Model is a framework that defines the roles, responsibilities, processes, and standards for governing the implementation of the target architecture. It ensuresthat a project transitioning into implementation also smoothly transitions into appropriate Architecture Governance, which is the practice of ensuring compliance with the enterprise architecture and its principles, standards, and goals. The Implementation Governance Model is part of the Implementation and Migration Plan, which is the output of Phase F: Migration Planning of the Architecture Development Method (ADM)12 References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance

The description provided aligns with Phase F: Migration Planning in the TOGAF ADM. This phase focuses on finalizing and implementing the projects necessary to reach the adjusted target state.

Phase F Objective:

Ensures projects and work packages are well-defined and align with stakeholder priorities.

Translates architecture changes into actionable implementation projects.

Assesses risk, value, and effort in implementation.

Establishes the Implementation and Migration Plan.

Key Outputs of Phase F:

Architecture Roadmap (Updated)

Implementation and Migration Plan

Governance Model for Change Implementation

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Phase E: OpportunitiesandSolutions): Focuses on defining projects and high-level solutions, but does not complete their implementation planning.

Option B (Phase A: Architecture Vision): Establishes high-level goals but does not involve migration planning.

Option C (Phase G: Implementation Governance): Ensures the execution aligns with architecture, but does not define projects for migration.

The Enterprise Continuum provides methods for classifying architecture artifacts as they evolve from generic architectures to Organization-Specific Architectures. Generic architectures are architectures that have been developed for use across a wide range of enterprises with similar characteristics. They provide common models, functions, and services that can be reused and adapted for specific purposes. Organization-Specific Architectures are architectures that have been tailored to meet the needs and requirements of a particular enterprise or a major organizational unit within an enterprise. They reflect the unique vision, goals, culture, structure, processes, systems, and technologies of that enterprise or unit. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.3 Enterprise Continuum.

The four dimensions used to scope an architecture are Breadth, Depth, Time Period, and Architecture Domains1, p. 8.

Breadth refers to the extent of the enterprise covered by the architecture, which can range from a specific business unit to the entire organization1, p. 8.

Depth refers to the level of detail and completeness of the architecture, which can vary depending on the purpose, scope, and stakeholders of the architecture1, p. 8.

Time Period refers to the temporal aspects of the architecture, such as the current state, the target state, and the transition plan1, p. 8.

Architecture Domains refers to the classification of the architecture into four domains: Business, Data, Application, and Technology1, p. 8.

These four dimensions help define the scope and boundaries of the architecture and ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of the stakeholders.

1: The Open Group (2018). The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2. 1

 According to the TOGAF template for Architecture Principles, the Rationale section should describe the relationship to other principles, as well as the business benefits and the intentions of adhering to the principle. The Rationale section should use business terminology and point to the similarity of information and technology principles to the principles governing business operations. The Rationale section should also explain how the principle supports the achievement of the business objectives and key architecture drivers. References:

Architecture Principles Template

The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Principles

The Open Group Exam OGEA-103 Topic 1 Question 4 Discussion

The Architecture Landscape is divided into levels known as Segment Strategic and Capability Architectures. These levels correspond to different scopes and purposes of architectures within an enterprise. Segment Architectures are architectures that address specific business units, functions, or processes within an enterprise. Strategic Architectures are architectures that provide a high-level view of the enterprise’s vision, goals, and direction. Capability Architectures are architectures that address specific business capabilities or services that span multiple segments or domains. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.4 Architecture Repository.

The Standards Library is an essential component of the TOGAF Architecture Repository. It contains specifications, standards, and guidelines that architectures must conform to in an enterprise. This repository area ensures consistency in architectural development and compliance with organizational and industry standards.

According to TOGAF 10, the Standards Library holds "specifications to which architectures must conform" (Section 41.6, The Architecture Repository).

It is used during architecture development to ensure compliance with enterprise-wide standards, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements.

The Architecture Governance Framework relies on the Standards Library to enforce compliance and establish governance checkpoints.

Incorrect Options:

Option A: Describes the Governance Log, not the Standards Library.

Option B: More relevant to the Governance Repository, which supports architecture governance processes.

Option C: Refers to the Reference Library, which provides templates and guidelines, not enforceable standards.

According to the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, the ADM phases and their objectives are as follows1:

Preliminary Phase: To prepare and initiate the architecture development cycle, including defining the architecture framework, principles, and governance.

Phase A: Architecture Vision: To define the scope, vision, and stakeholders of the architecture initiative, and to obtain approval to proceed.

Phase B: Business Architecture: To describe the baseline and target business architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase C: Information Systems Architectures: To describe the baseline and target data and application architectures, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase D: Technology Architecture: To describe the baseline and target technology architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions: To identify and evaluate the opportunities and solutions for implementing the target architecture, and to define the work packages and transition architectures.

Phase F: Migration Planning: To finalize the implementation and migration plan, and to ensure alignment with the enterprise portfolio and project management.

Phase G: Implementation Governance: To provide architecture oversight and guidance for the implementation projects, and to manage any architecture change requests.

Phase H: Architecture Change Management: To monitor the changes in the business and technology environment, and to assess the impact and performance of the architecture.

Requirements Management: To manage the architecture requirements throughout the ADM cycle, and to ensure alignment with the business requirements.

Based on the above definitions, we can match each objective with the corresponding phase as follows:

Objective 1: Ensure that the business value and cost of work packages and transition architectures is understood by key stakeholders. This objective is achieved in Phase H: Architecture Change Management, where the value realization and cost-benefit analysis of the architecture are performed2.

Objective 2: Ensure conformance with the Target Architecture by implementation projects. This objective is achieved in Phase F: Migration Planning, where the conformance requirements and criteria for the implementation projects are defined3.

Objective 3: Ensure that the architecture development cycle is maintained. This objective is achieved in Phase F: Migration Planning, where the architecture roadmap and iteration cycle are maintained3.

Objective 4: Ensure that the Architecture Governance Framework is executed. This objective is achieved in Phase G: Implementation Governance, where the architecture governance processes and procedures are applied to the implementation projects4.

1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 5: Architecture Development Method (ADM)

2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 21: Architecture Change Management

3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 20: Migration Planning

4: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 19: Implementation Governance

A set of architecture principles that cover every situation perceived meets the recommended criteria of completeness. Completeness is one of the six criteria that should be applied when developing or assessing architecture principles. Completeness means that there are no gaps or overlaps in the coverage of principles across all relevant aspects of the enterprise’s architecture. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.7 Architecture Principles.

The illustration shows an architecture development cycle based on the TOGAF ADM (Architecture Development Method), which is a method for developing and managing an enterprise architecture1.

The ADM consists of nine phases, each with a specific purpose and output. The phases are1:

Preliminary Phase: To prepare and initiate the architecture development cycle, including defining the architecture framework, principles, and governance.

Phase A: Architecture Vision: To define the scope, vision, and stakeholders of the architecture initiative, and to obtain approval to proceed.

Phase B: Business Architecture: To describe the baseline and target business architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase C: Information Systems Architectures: To describe the baseline and target data and application architectures, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase D: Technology Architecture: To describe the baseline and target technology architecture, and to identify the gaps between them.

Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions: To identify and evaluate the opportunities and solutions for implementing the target architecture, and to define the work packages and transition architectures.

Phase F: Migration Planning: To finalize the implementation and migration plan, and to ensure alignment with the enterprise portfolio and project management.

Phase G: Implementation Governance: To provide architecture oversight and guidance for the implementation projects, and to manage any architecture change requests.

Phase H: Architecture Change Management: To monitor the changes in the business and technology environment, and to assess the impact and performance of the architecture.

In addition to these phases, there is a central process called Requirements Management, which is labeled as item 1 in the illustration. This process operates throughout the ADM cycle, and its purpose is to manage the architecture requirements throughout the architecture development, ensuring that they are aligned with the business requirements and the stakeholder concerns2.

Therefore, the description that matches the phase of the ADM labeled as item 1 is C. Operates the process of managing architecture requirements.

1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 5: Architecture Development Method (ADM)

2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Chapter 17: Requirements Management

The class of information known as the Reference Library within the Architecture Repository contains guidelines and templates used to create new architectures. The Reference Library provides a set of resources that can be leveraged or customized for specific architecture development purposes. It includes generic building blocks, patterns, models, standards,frameworks, methods, techniques, best practices, etc. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 2.4 Architecture Repository.

Key aspects of the scenario:

Objective:

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare delivery, with a focus on improving patient care, enhancing workplace efficiency, and enabling seamless experiences.

Challenges:

Stakeholder concerns about risk management, adaptability to change, and ensuring alignment with regulations and policies.

Addressing the concerns of staff and top management about AI integration and achieving the desired goals.

CIO's Perspective:

Encouraging an agile approach to architecture development.

Addressing risks and ensuring stakeholder concerns are managed.

Areas for Evaluation:

AI usage by staff and impact on workflows.

Patient experience enhancement via AI.

New workplace platforms and tools powered by AI.

Option Analysis:

Option 1: Analysis of stakeholders and development of a Stakeholder Map

Pros:

Stakeholder analysis is critical for identifying concerns, viewpoints, and requirements.

TOGAF emphasizes stakeholder engagement early in the process to mitigate risks and align expectations.

Developing a Stakeholder Map ensures clear alignment with their interests and creates a foundation for regular feedback loops.

Cons:

Does not explicitly address the creation of architecture models or policies upfront.

Option 2: Creation of a Communications Plan

Pros:

A communications plan fosters effective stakeholder engagement by addressing their concerns and ensuring transparent reporting.

Risk mitigation as part of communication aligns with TOGAF’s stakeholder management practices.

Cons:

This focuses more on communication mechanics rather than advancing architectural development directly.

Option 3: Models for Draft Business, Data, Application, and Technology Architectures

Pros:

Aligns with the Architecture Development Method (ADM), ensuring compliance with requirements and regulations.

Helps formalize stakeholder feedback by verifying their concerns against tangible models.

Cons:

Developing detailed models early on may delay immediate resolution of stakeholder concerns and risk mitigation.

Option 4: Set of reusable business models for AI-related projects

Pros:

Standardized models ensure consistency and portability across the organization’s AI-related efforts.

Cons:

Too narrow in focus for the initial architecture development phase; does not address risk management or stakeholder concerns adequately.

Recommended Answer:

Option 1: You recommend that an analysis of the stakeholders is undertaken.

Reasoning:

The scenario highlights stakeholder concerns about risks, adaptability, and compliance. Addressing these concerns requires stakeholder analysis as the first step.

A Stakeholder Map aligns with TOGAF’s emphasis on stakeholder engagement, providing a structured way to manage their concerns and expectations.

Identifying concerns early and integrating feedback into the Architecture Vision document ensures alignment with goals and smooth progress.

Option 1 sets the foundation for collaboration and risk management, making it the best fit for the current phase.

Based on the TOGAF standard, this answer is the best approach for architecture development to realize the CEO’s change in direction for the company. The reason is as follows:

The scenario describes a major business transformation that requires a clear understanding of the current and future states of the enterprise, as well as the gaps and opportunities for change. Therefore, the priority is to understand and bring structure to the definition of the change, rather than focusing on the implementation details or the technology aspects.

The team should use the TOGAF ADM as the method and guiding framework for architecture development, and adapt it to suit the specific needs and context of the enterprise. The team should also leverage the existing Architecture Capability and the Architecture Repository to reuse and integrate relevant architecture assets and resources.

The team should focus iteration cycles on a baseline first approach to architecture development, which means starting with the definition of the Baseline Architecture in each domain (Business, Data, Application, and Technology), and then defining the Target Architecture in each domain. This will help to identify the current and desired states of the enterprise, and to perform a gap analysis to determine what needs to change in order to achieve the business goals and objectives.

The team should then focus on transition planning, which involves identifying and prioritizing the work packages, projects, and activities that will deliver the change. The team should also create an Architecture Roadmap and an Implementation and Migration Plan that will guide the execution and governance of the change.

The team should use the Architecture Vision phase and the Requirements Management phase to work out in detail what the shared vision is for the change, and to capture and validate the stakeholder requirements and expectations. The team should also use the Architecture Governance framework to ensure the quality, consistency, and compliance of the architecture work.

 The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Development Method : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Requirements Management : [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Governance]

In the TOGAF framework, understanding and addressing stakeholder concerns is crucial, particularly for complex projects with high stakes like the AI-first initiative described in the scenario. This approach aligns well with TOGAF’s ADM (Architecture Development Method) and its emphasis on effective stakeholder management and risk assessment. Here’s why this is the best course of action:

Stakeholder Analysis and Documentation:Conducting a stakeholder analysis is foundational in the early stages of any TOGAF project, particularly during the Preliminary and Architecture Vision phases. This process involves identifying the different stakeholders, understanding their positions, documenting their concerns, and considering any cultural factors that might influence their perspective on the AI-first initiative. Given the diverse concerns raised (such as job security, skill requirements, and cybersecurity), it’s essential to have a clear understanding of each stakeholder group’s priorities and fears.

Recording Concerns in the Architecture Vision Document:The Architecture Vision phase in TOGAF focuses on defining the high-level scope and objectives of the architecture project. By documenting stakeholder concerns and the corresponding views in the Architecture Vision document, the EA team ensures that these concerns are transparently acknowledged and addressed as part of the strategic direction. This step not only aligns with TOGAF best practices but also helps in building stakeholder buy-in and trust.

Architecture Requirements Specification and Risk Management:Risk management is a key aspect of TOGAF’s ADM, particularly in the Requirements Management and Implementation Governance phases. Documenting the requirements for addressing specific risks in the Architecture Requirements Specification provides a structured way to ensure that identified risks are acknowledged and managed throughout the transformation. Regular assessments and feedback loops ensure ongoing alignment and adaptability to emerging risks, which is particularly important given the dynamic nature of AI and its associated challenges.

Alignment with TOGAF ADM Phases:This approach follows the prescribed flow of TOGAF’s ADM, starting with stakeholder engagement in the Preliminary and Architecture Vision phases and progressing to risk assessment in the Requirements Management phase. By maintaining afocus on stakeholder needs and formalizing these into architecture requirements, the EA team can ensure that the architecture not only meets business objectives but also mitigates stakeholder concerns.

TOGAF Reference on Stakeholder Management Techniques:TOGAF places significant emphasis on managing stakeholder concerns through its stakeholder management techniques, which highlight the need to systematically identify, analyze, and address the concerns of all involved parties. This practice helps ensure that the architecture is viable and accepted across the organization.

By conducting a thorough stakeholder analysis and integrating the findings into both the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Requirements Specification, the EA team can proactively address stakeholder concerns, manage risks, and align the AI-first initiative with the agency’s strategic objectives. This approach is consistent with TOGAF’s guidance and provides a structured framework for addressing both business and technical challenges in the context of an AI-first transformation.

Context of the Scenario

The organization is currently in the Migration Planning phase, which corresponds to Phase F of the TOGAF ADM (Architecture Development Method). The key activities for this phase involve:

Evaluating dependencies and impacts on other organizational frameworks.

Aligning the roadmap and migration plan with strategic objectives and available resources.

Addressing the risks of transitioning from the current architecture to the target architecture using a phased approach.

The deliverables (Architecture Roadmap, Capability Assessment, etc.) and assessments (Gap Analysis, Risk Assessment, Transformation Readiness) have already been developed. The next step is to refine and finalize the migration planning.

Option Analysis

Option A:

While updating the Architecture Definition Document could ensure alignment, this step was completed in earlier phases (B, C, D). At this stage, further changes to the architecture must go through a formal governance review, and applying lessons learned without review contradicts TOGAF principles.

Producing an Implementation Governance Model is more relevant in Phase G (Implementation Governance), not in Phase F.

Conclusion: Incorrect, as it suggests revisiting earlier steps and does not align with the current phase.

Option B:

Conducting Compliance Assessments ensures the architecture is implemented correctly, but this is a task for Phase G (Implementation Governance) after migration planning has been finalized and implementation begins.

Deployment of monitoring tools is also part of implementation and governance activities, not migration planning.

Conclusion: Incorrect, as it focuses on tasks belonging to a later phase.

Option C:

Examining how the Implementation and Migration Plan affects other organizational frameworks is critical in Phase F, as TOGAF emphasizes alignment with business planning, project/portfolio management, and operations management.

Assigning business value to each project ensures prioritization and optimal allocation of resources.

Updating the Architecture Roadmap and the Implementation and Migration Plan based on this analysis ensures strategic alignment and readiness for implementation.

Conclusion: Correct, as it addresses the key objectives of the Migration Planning phase comprehensively.

Option D:

Applying the Business Value Assessment Technique is valid for prioritizing initiatives but is a limited aspect of Migration Planning.

Planning Transition Architecture phases and documenting lessons learned are valid, but this does not address broader organizational impacts or dependencies as effectively as Option C.

Conclusion: Narrow focus; less comprehensive than Option C.

References to TOGAF

Phase F (Migration Planning): The focus is on aligning the migration plan with business objectives, considering organizational dependencies, and prioritizing projects (TOGAF 9.2, Chapter 12).

Architecture Roadmap and Implementation Plan: Updated to reflect changes in priorities and alignment with business frameworks (TOGAF 9.2, Section 12.4).

Framework Integration: Collaboration with other frameworks (e.g., business planning, portfolio management) ensures alignment across the organization (TOGAF 9.2, Section 6.5.2).

Business Value Assessment Technique: Used to prioritize initiatives based on return on investment and performance criteria (TOGAF 9.2, Section 24.4).

OptionCaligns best withTOGAF Phase F: Migration Planning, which deals with developing adetailed Implementation and Migration Plan, ensuringalignment with other enterprise frameworks, and assigningbusiness valueto work packages and projects.

????TOGAF Phase F Activities (from the standard):

Confirm Management Framework Interactions:

Per TOGAF,Phase Fensures that the migration planning isaligned with the business planning, portfolio/project management, and operations management frameworksused by the enterprise (which are mentioned in the scenario).

TOGAF emphasizes coordination between EA and other enterprise governance processes.

Prioritize Projects:

TOGAF recommends usingbusiness value, resource availability, and strategic alignmentto prioritize the various work packages and projects for implementation.

This is directly referenced in option C:"assign a business value to each project, considering the available resources and how well they align with the strategy."

Update Roadmaps and Implementation Plan:

After coordination and prioritization, theArchitecture Roadmapand theImplementation and Migration Planare updated.

This is essential before formal governance (Phase G).

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A: Incorrect focus on updating the Architecture Definition Document and lessons learned.

The Architecture Definition Document is mostly finalized in Phases B–E.

Lessons learned and governance modeling are more relevant toPhase G(Implementation Governance) andPhase H(Architecture Change Management), not Phase F.

B: Although it mentions theBusiness Value Assessment Technique(a valid tool in TOGAF), it includesArchitecture Definition Increments Table, which isnot a standard TOGAF artifact.

Also, "document the lessons learned" isprematurein Phase F; these are more applicable inPhase H.

D: Focuses onCompliance Assessment, which is part ofPhase G(Implementation Governance),not Phase F.

Changing performance requirements based on monitoring tools is handled duringoperations and change management, not during migration planning.

????Source References from TOGAF:

TOGAF 9.2 – Section 11.3 (Phase F: Migration Planning)

"Activities include confirming the enterprise's capability for transition, prioritizing projects, identifying dependencies and resource availability, and co-ordinating with other management frameworks."

TOGAF 9.2 – Section 11.4 Outputs:

Architecture Roadmap (updated)

Implementation and Migration Plan (updated)

Business Value Assessment

Consolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependencies

In this scenario, the enterprise is undergoing significant transformation due to a merger and the adoption of new technology (hand-held devices). Several key principles from TOGAF's ADM Techniques—particularly those focused on promoting enterprise-wide standardization, adaptability, and data utilization—are pertinent here:

Maximize Benefit to the Enterprise:This principle emphasizes that all architectural decisions should deliver maximum business value. Given that the company is integrating systems to cut costs and improve offerings, maximizing the benefit is crucial. Ensuring that the EA efforts align with enterprise-wide benefits supports the goal of optimizing costs and enhancing offerings, which aligns with the CEO’s vision for the merger.

Common Use Applications:Standardizing applications across the merged entity will be essential to achieve cost savings and to simplify operations. The goal of reducing the number of applications fits with this principle, ensuring that reusable and widely adopted applications support business functions across the organization. Adopting this principle will also aid in harmonizing the systems from both organizations and avoiding unnecessary diversity.

Data is an Asset:Data plays a central role in the company's operations, especially with the use of AI-driven inventory management and the integration of systems. Treating data as an asset is essential for reliable and accurate decision-making. This principle ensures that data is viewed as a critical enterprise resource and is managed with care, maintaining integrity, accuracy, and value.

Responsive Change Management:The organization’s ability to adapt quickly and effectively to changes, such as integrating new handheld devices and merging systems, is essential. This principle will facilitate the smooth transition required for integrating the new handheld devices and the merger-related system updates while minimizing disruption to store operations.

Technology Independence:Since the enterprise will likely encounter varied technologies from the merger, it is crucial to maintain flexibility. This principle advocates for using technology solutions that are adaptable and not bound to a single vendor or specific technology. This ensures that the enterprise can integrate various technological components from both organizations and evolve with minimal constraints.

These principles align well with TOGAF's broader recommendations for guiding architectural changes, as found in Section 2.6 of the TOGAF ADM Techniques. They ensure that the EA practice is aligned with business objectives while maintaining flexibility, data integrity, and a focus on enterprise-wide benefits. These guiding principles are critical for the successful execution of the integration and adoption of new technologies while achieving cost efficiencies and improving service delivery.

For reference, TOGAF's ADM Techniques highlight the importance of architectural principles in guiding transformational initiatives, ensuring that decisions are made consistently across the enterprise. Each principle supports organizational agility, system integration, and the efficient use of technology resources, all of which are vital for the enterprise's stated objectives.

The best answer is C. You would hold a series of interviews at each of the manufacturing plants using the business scenarios technique. This will allow you to understand the systems and integrations with local partners. You would use stakeholder analysis to identify key players in the engagement, and to understand their concerns. You will then identify and document the key high-level stakeholder requirements for the architecture. You will then generate high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures.

This answer is based on the TOGAF standard, which recommends the following steps to initiate the architecture project1:

Establish the architecture project

Identify stakeholders, concerns, and business requirements

Confirm and elaborate business goals, business drivers, and constraints

Evaluate business capabilities

Assess readiness for business transformation

Define scope

Confirm and elaborate Architecture Principles, including business principles

Develop Architecture Vision

Define the Target Architecture value propositions and KPIs

Identify the business transformation risks and mitigation activities

Secure stakeholder and sponsor approval

The answer C covers most of these steps, by using the business scenarios technique to elicit and validate the business requirements, goals, drivers, and constraints, as well as the current and future states of the architecture2. The answer C also uses stakeholder analysis to identify and engage the key stakeholders, and to address their concerns and expectations3. The answer C also generates high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures, which can be used to develop the Architecture Vision and the value propositions4.

The other answers are not the best approach for architecture development, because:

Answer A focuses on researching vendor literature and conducting briefings with vendors, which is not the best way to understand the business needs and the current situation of the enterprise. Answer A also defines a preliminary Architecture Vision without involving the stakeholders or validating the requirements, which may lead to misalignment and lack of consensus.

Answer B conducts a pilot project that will enable vendors to demonstrate potential solutions, which is premature and costly at this stage of the architecture project. Answer B also does not address the stakeholder concerns or the current systems and integrations, which may result in gaps and risks. Answer B also develops the requirements after the pilot project, which may not reflect the actual business needs and goals.

Answer D develops baseline and target architectures for each of the manufacturing plants, which may not consider the enterprise-wide perspective and the potential benefits of a common ERP system. Answer D also does not involve the stakeholders or address their concerns, which may result in resistance and conflict. Answer D also does not define the business case or the performance metrics, which are essential for demonstrating the value and feasibility of the architecture.

1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Business Scenarios 3: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Stakeholder Management] 4: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Definition Document]

The question asks:

“What steps would you take to strengthen the current architecture to improve data protection?”

This requires understanding how TOGAF handles:

Business continuity requirements

Gap analysis in existing architecture

Architecture change requests

Triggering a new ADM cycle

Governance via the Architecture Board

OptionCis the only answer that aligns correctly with TOGAF’s formalArchitecture Change Managementprocess (ADM Phase H) and how to progress from identifying gaps to initiating a new cycle.

✅Why Option C Is Correct

✔1. Starts with identifying business continuity requirements

TOGAF Phase A and Phase B require understanding business continuity and information security requirements as part of architecture development.

✔2. Analyzes the current architecture for gaps

Gap analysis is a required step in:

Phase B (Business Architecture)

Phase C (Data/Application Architecture)

Phase D (Technology Architecture)

It is also part of Architecture Change Management (Phase H) when examining existing threats or deficiencies.

✔3. Creates a Change Request

In TOGAF, if gaps or new risks require architectural enhancements, aformal Change Requestis submitted. This is a mandatory TOGAF mechanism.

✔4. Architecture Board evaluates the Change Request

The Architecture Board approves major changes before a new cycle starts — exactly as described in option C.

✔5. Initiates a new ADM cycle with a RfAW

TOGAF explicitly states:

A new or major architecture change requires aRequest for Architecture Workbefore beginning a new ADM cycle.

Option C follows this sequencing precisely:

Identify requirements → analyze gaps → issue change request → Architecture Board approval → create RfAW → start new ADM cycle.

This is textbook TOGAF.

❌Why the Other Options Are Incorrect

A – Too narrow and focuses only on Technology Architecture

The problem spans business continuity, data protection, and enterprise-wide readiness — not just infrastructure.

Does not include gap analysis, stakeholder analysis, or initiating a formal ADM cycle.

Incorrectly reduces ransomware mitigation to technology controls.

B – Architecture Compliance Review is inappropriate here

A Compliance Review is used to:

Ensureimplementationconforms to architectureNot to:

Identify new risks

Strengthen the architecture

Conduct gap analysisThis option is misusing the review process.

D – Supplier-driven, not TOGAF-driven

Involves contacting suppliers prematurely — not aligned with TOGAF’s architecture-first methodology.

Does not involve Architecture Board approval before pursuing solutions.

Jumps into solutioning before architectural approval.

????Relevant TOGAF References

Phase H: Architecture Change Management

Manage changes

Evaluate impacts

Generate change requests

Architecture Board Roles

Approves Change Requests

Governs new ADM cycles

Request for Architecture Work

Used to formally launch a new ADM cycle

At this stage in the scenario:

Astrategic architecturehas been completed.

All divisions have completed theirArchitecture Definition Documents.

Work packageshave been defined.

Transition Architecturesbetween Baseline and Target are already identified.

Adraft roadmapexists for a multi-year phased migration.

You are now asked toplan the next steps for the migration, which aligns exactly withTOGAF ADM Phase F: Implementation and Migration Planning.

In Phase F, TOGAF prescribes the following key activities:

Evaluate and prioritize projects and work packages

Determine business value, cost, risk, dependencies

Confirm Transition Architectures and sequencing

Update and finalize the Implementation & Migration Plan

OptionBis the ONLY answer that correctly follows these required TOGAF steps.

✔Why Option B is correct

Option B states:

“Estimate the business value for each project by applying the Business Value Assessment Technique … to prioritize the migration projects.”✔This is a TOGAF-recommended technique specifically for Phase F to evaluate and prioritize transformations using value, risk, and ROI.

“Confirm and plan a series of Transition Architecture phases … using a table of Architecture Definition Increments.”✔Exactly aligned with TOGAF:

Transition Architectures were identified earlier.

In Phase F, they must beconfirmed, sequenced, and documented.

“Update the Implementation and Migration Plan.”✔This is the required output of ADM Phase F.✔At this point, the plan must be validated and finalized based on value and prioritization.

Thus,Option Bdirectly matches TOGAF’s prescribed migration planning process.

✘Why the other options are incorrect

A – Incorrect

Suggests finalizing Architecture Definition documentation—this was already completed by each division.

Introduces an “Implementation Governance Model,” which is not a TOGAF artifact at this stage.

Focuses on lessons learned BEFORE execution, which is not appropriate for migration planning.

C – Incorrect

Focuses only on project selection and resource assignment.

Does not use TOGAF techniques for value/risk evaluation.

Does not reference Transition Architectures, which are central in the scenario.

Oversimplifies Implementation & Migration Planning to resource scheduling.

D – Incorrect

Compliance Assessments occur DURING execution, notbeforemigration planning.

At this stage, no implementation has started, so compliance reviews are premature.

Adjusting performance requirements now has no alignment with TOGAF’s ADM sequence.

The scenario states that:

Astrategic architecture and roadmap already exist.

Business Architecture is complete, so the work now shifts toInformation Systems and Technology Architectures (ADM Phases B–D).

The CTO requires use of thepurpose-based EA Capability model(from the TOGAF Series Guide:A Practitioner’s Approach to Developing Enterprise Architecture Following the TOGAF ADM).

The EA team has to plan, organize, and manage the next stage of architecture development, includingre-use of existing hardware/software platform components, candidate solutions, feasibility, risks, and prioritization.

Under the purpose-based EA approach, when moving from strategy into defining the next layers of architecture, TOGAF emphasizes:

Using the superior (already-approved) architecture to guide the next ADM cycles– This corresponds to the strategic architecture that is already completed.

Analyzing project dependencies, overlaps, and sequencing

Defining high-level architecture descriptionsfor the next iteration

Identifying reference architectures and candidate building blocks(especially when reusing existing platform components)

Assessing feasibility, value, cost, and risk for each project

Preparing for stakeholder trade-offs before formalizing the roadmap

These tasks map directly to OptionA.

Why Option A is correct

Option A includes exactly what the purpose-based EA approach prescribes at this stage:

“The superior architecture should be used to guide the approach.”✔Correct — strategic architecture guides the work.

“Review the identified projects, dependencies, and potential overlaps, then decide the order…”✔Correct — sequencing and dependency assessment are core early tasks in Phases B–D planning.

“Develop high-level architecture descriptions.”✔Correct — Business Architecture is done; now high-level IS/Tech Architecture descriptions are needed.

“Identify reference architectures and candidate building blocks.”✔Correct — aligns with TOGAF building-block approach, and specifically fits the scenario where existing platform components will be reused.

“Identify resource needs, considering cost and value.”✔Correct — mandatory for feasibility and planning.

“Document options, risks, and ways to control them to enable feasibility analysis and trade-off with stakeholders.”✔Correct — this matches ADM guidelines for preparing options and addressing complexity before deeper development.

This is precisely how TOGAF expects the architecture team toplan, organize, and managean ADM cycle after strategy is set.

A Consolidated Gaps, Solutions and Dependencies Matrix is a technique that can be used to create work packages for an incremental rollout of the architecture. A work package is a set of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. A work packagecan be associated with one or more Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) or Solution Building Blocks (SBBs), which are reusable components of business, IT, or architectural capability. A work package can also be associated with one or more Capability Increments, which are defined, discrete portions of the overall capability that deliver business value. A Capability Increment can be realized by one or more Transition Architectures, which are intermediate states of the architecture that enable the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture123

The steps for creating work packages using this technique are:

For each gap between the Baseline Architecture and the Target Architecture, identify a proposed solution and classify it as new development, purchased solution, or based on an existing product. A gap is a difference or deficiency in the current state of the architecture that needs to be addressed by the future state of the architecture. A solution is a way of resolving a gap by implementing one or more ABBs or SBBs.

Group similar solutions together to define the work packages. Similar solutions are those that have common characteristics, such as functionality, technology, vendor, or location.

Identify dependencies between work packages, such as logical, temporal, or resource dependencies. Dependencies indicate the order or priority of the work packages, and the constraints or risks that may affect their implementation.

Regroup the work packages into a set of Capability Increments to transition to the Target Architecture. Capability Increments should be defined based on the business value, effort, and risk associated with each work package, and the schedule and objectives of the clinical trials. Capability Increments should also be aligned with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles.

Document the work packages and the Capability Increments in an Architecture Definition Increments Table, which shows the mapping between the work packages, the ABBs, the SBBs, and the Capability Increments. The table also shows the dependencies, assumptions, and issues related to each work package and Capability Increment.

Therefore, the best answer is B, because it describes the approach to identify the work packages for an incremental rollout meeting the requirements, using the Consolidated Gaps, Solutions and Dependencies Matrix as a planning tool.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 23: Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles

In this scenario, thestrategic architecture is already complete and approved, and the sponsors now wantassurance about risks before approving the detailed Implementation & Migration Plan. According to TOGAF, this work occurs inPhase E: Opportunities & SolutionsandPhase F: Implementation & Migration, where a key activity is performingBusiness Transformation Readiness AssessmentandRisk Assessmentbefore finalizing the roadmap and migration plan.

OptionCaligns exactly with TOGAF guidance for this stage:

Why Option C is correct

1. It starts with assessing organizational readiness for change

TOGAF Phase E requires evaluation ofBusiness Transformation Readiness, addressing:

Organizational capability

Cultural readiness

Skills and capacity

Sponsorship and governance

This is exactly what Option C describes:

“assess how ready the organization is to change.”

This directly responds to the concern in the scenario that “most senior leaders feel the operations need to be more efficient” and that “significant changes are necessary.”

2. It includes identification and classification of risks

TOGAF requires performing aRisk Assessmentbefore migration planning, ensuring risks are categorized, documented, and mitigation strategies defined.

Option C includes:

“identification and classification of the risks … together with an approach to mitigate the risks.”

This is precisely what the sponsors requested: clear management of risks before approving migration planning.

3. It ties risk, dependencies, and gaps directly into the Implementation & Migration Plan

TOGAF requires identifying:

Dependencies between work packages

Gaps between baseline and target

Required actions to improve readiness

Work package sequencing

Option C states:

“identifying dependencies between the set of changes, including gaps and work packages… identifying improvement actions to be worked into the Implementation and Migration Plan.”

This matches TOGAF Phase E and F activities exactly.

4. It evaluates business value, effort, and risk for each transformation

The scenario involvesthree distinct transformations, and sponsors want assurance ofvalue delivery. TOGAF Phase F includesConsolidated Gaps, Solutions, and Dependenciesandmigration prioritization based on value, cost, and risk.

Option C states:

“The business value, effort, and risk associated for each transformation should then be identified and documented.”

This is directly aligned to the TOGAF-required migration prioritization criteria.

Why the other options are incorrect

A – Focuses on gap analysis only

Gap analysis was performed during Phases B–D, and while relevant, Option A doesnot emphasize risk, readiness, or assurance—key concerns of the scenario.

B – Misrepresents TOGAF (organizational requirements matrix is not a formal TOGAF artifact)

Also, it incorrectly focuses on aligning change with the operating model, which TOGAF does not prescribe as the primary risk-mitigation activity.

D – Focuses on architectural alternatives; the target architecture is already approved

The scenario states the strategic architecture is complete and approved—there isno need to revisit alternatives. This is misaligned with the starting point of the question.

Conclusion

OptionCis the only answer that conducts:

Business transformation readiness assessment

Risk identification and mitigation

Dependencies, gaps, and work package analysis

Integration of risks and improvement actions into migration planning

This matches precisely what TOGAF expects at this stage and what the sponsors requested.

OptionAbest aligns withTOGAF Phase A: Architecture Vision, which is thestarting phasefor an architecture development cycle in TOGAF. This phase sets the foundation for the architecture engagement and ensuresalignment with stakeholders and their concerns, especially when evaluating a major transformation like moving to acloud-based planning and scheduling system.

????Key TOGAF Concepts Supporting Option A:

1. Phase A: Architecture Vision Objectives

Establish thehigh-level scope, constraints, and expectations.

Identify stakeholdersand define theirconcerns and business requirements.

Create theArchitecture Vision, which includes:

Summary-levelBaseline and Target Architectureviews (business, data, application, and technology).

Initialrequirementsandkey concerns.

Stakeholder buy-inand approval for moving forward.

2. Engagement with Stakeholders

In this case, theplant managers and local supply chain partnershave concerns regarding safety and dependability.

TOGAF emphasizes early engagement withbusiness stakeholdersto ensure concerns are identified and incorporated into the vision.

3. Creating Architecture Vision Document

A deliverable of Phase A.

Includeshigh-level descriptionsof the baseline and target architectures, initialbusiness goals, andstakeholder viewpoints.

Used tobuild agreement and obtain formal approvalto proceed with detailed architecture work in later phases (B–D).

❌Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

B: Focuses onsuppliersand not theactual stakeholdersimpacted by the architecture — i.e.,plant managers and internal operations. This diverts from TOGAF’s stakeholder-driven approach in Phase A.

C: This reflectsPhases B–Dof the ADM (Business, Information Systems, and Technology Architecture). It istoo detailed and prematurefor the start of the project. In Phase A, you don’t yet develop full baseline and target architectures or conduct a consolidated gap analysis.

D: While interviewing stakeholders is valid in Phase A, this option lacks aholistic view of the Architecture Vision development, and skips the TOGAF requirement to producesummary views of the baseline and target architecturesand to use them to drive stakeholder buy-in. It istactically correct, butstrategically incomplete.

????TOGAF Source References:

TOGAF 9.2 – Section 6.2 (Phase A: Architecture Vision)

"The Architecture Vision describes how the proposed architecture support the business goals, and the strategic direction. It also provides a high-level description of the baseline and target architectures and identifies key stakeholders and concerns."

TOGAF 9.2 – Part IV, Architecture Content Framework

"The Architecture Vision includes the scope, constraints, and expectations. It forms the basis for approval to proceed with further architecture development."

The Target Architecture is a description of the future state of the architecture that addresses the business goals and drivers, and satisfies the stakeholder requirements and concerns. The Target Architecture is developed through the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Target Architecture is typically divided into four domains: Business, Data, Application, and Technology. The Target Architecture also includes a roadmap for change, which defines the Transition Architectures, the Capability Increments, and the work packages that enable the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture12

The best answer is B, because it describes the approach that should be taken to determine and organize the work to deliver the requested architectures, which are the Information Systems and Technology Architectures. The answer covers the following steps:

Refer to the end-to-end Target Architecture for guidance and direction. The end-to-end Target Architecture provides the overall vision, scope, and objectives of the architecture work, and the alignment with the business strategy and goals. The end-to-end Target Architecture also provides the high-level definitions and principles for the four architecture domains, and the roadmap for change that outlines the major milestones and deliverables.

Identify projects, dependencies and synergies, then prioritize before initiating the projects. Projects are the units of work that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. Dependencies are the relationships and constraints that affect the order or priority of the projects, such as logical, temporal, or resource dependencies. Synergies are the benefits or advantages that result from the combination or coordination of the projects, such as cost savings, efficiency gains, or innovation opportunities. Prioritization is the process of ranking the projects according to their importance, urgency, or value, and assigning resources and schedules accordingly.

Develop high-level architecture descriptions. High-level architecture descriptions are the outputs of the architecture development phases (B, C, and D) of the ADM cycle, which describe the Business, Data, Application, and Technology Architectures in terms of the Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) and the Solution Building Blocks (SBBs), which are reusable components of business, IT, or architectural capability. High-level architecture descriptions also include the Architecture Views, which are representations of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns.

For each project, estimate effort size, identify reference architectures, and candidate building blocks. Effort size is the measure of the amount of work, time, or resources required to complete a project. Effort size can be estimated using various techniques, such as analogy, expert judgment, parametric, or bottom-up. Reference architectures are standardized architectures that provide a common framework and vocabulary for a specific domain or industry. Reference architectures can be used as a source of best practices, patterns, and models for the architecture development. Candidate building blocks are the potential ABBs or SBBs that can be used to implement the architecture. Candidate building blocks can be identified from the Architecture Repository, which is a collection of architecture assets, such as models, patterns, principles, standards, and guidelines.

Identify the resource needs considering cost and value. Resource needs are the specifications and criteria that define the acceptable level and quality of the resources required to complete the project, such as human, financial, physical, or technological resources. Resource needs can be identified by analyzing the scope, complexity, and dependencies of the project, and the availability, capability, and suitability of the resources. Cost and value are the factors that influence the allocation and utilization of the resources, such as the budget, the return on investment, the benefits, or the risks.

Document options, risks, and controls to enable viability analysis and trade-off with the stakeholders. Options are the alternative ways of achieving the project objectives, such as different solutions, technologies, vendors, or approaches. Risks are the effects of uncertainty on the project objectives, such as threats or opportunities. Controls are the measures or actions that are taken to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks, such as policies, procedures, or standards. Viability analysis is the process of evaluating and comparing the options, risks, and controls, and determining the feasibility, suitability, and desirability of each option. Trade-off is the decision outcome that balances and reconciles the multiple, often conflicting, requirements and concerns of the stakeholders, and ensures alignment with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 5: Introduction to the ADM 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 19: Phase B: Business Architecture : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 20: Phase C: Information Systems Architectures : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23: Architecture Principles : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Trade-Off Analysis : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 46: Tools for Architecture Development : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework,Chapter 47: Architecture Board : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 48: Architecture Compliance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 49: Architecture Contract : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 51: Architecture Maturity Models : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 52: Architecture Skills Framework

According to the TOGAF standard, the need for the ADM process to be governed is to ensure that the architecture development and implementation activities are conducted in a consistent, coherent, and compliant manner1. Governance provides the means to verify that the method is being applied correctly and effectively, and that the architecture deliverables and artifacts meet the quality and standards criteria1. Governance also enables the management of risks, issues, changes, and dependencies that may arise during the ADM process1.

Some of the benefits of governing the ADM process are2:

•Improved alignment of the architecture with the business strategy and objectives

•Enhanced stakeholder engagement and communication

•Increased reuse and integration of architecture assets and resources

•Reduced complexity and duplication of architecture efforts

•Increased agility and adaptability of the architecture to changing needs and requirements

•Improved compliance and auditability of the architecture outcomes and outputs

An Architecture Contract is a deliverable that specifies the responsibilities and obligations of the parties involved in the implementation and governance of an architecture. It ensures a system of continuous monitoring to check integrity changes decision-making and audit of all architecture-related activities. Reference: The TOGAF® Standard | The Open Group Website, Section 3.3.4 Architecture Contracts.

According to the TOGAF standard, the Target Architecture is the description of a future state of the architecture being developed for an organization. It should be aligned with the Architecture Vision, Principles, and Requirements that have been agreed with the stakeholders. To address the incompatibilities between key stakeholder preferences, the TOGAF standard recommends creating and evaluating multiple alternative Target Architectures that meet different sets of criteria. These criteria should reflect the value preferences and priorities of the stakeholders, as well as the business drivers and objectives. The alternative Target Architectures should be illustrated using a set of architecture views that show the impact of each alternative on the business, data, application, and technology domains. The impact on planned projects should also be identified and analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of each alternative should be understood and documented. A formal stakeholder review should then be conducted to decide which alternative is the most fit for purpose and should be moved forward with. The funding required for implementing the chosen alternative should also be determined and secured. References:

The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase B: Business Architecture - The Open Group

The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - The Open Group

[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase D: Technology Architecture - The Open Group]

[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions - The Open Group]

[The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase F: Migration Planning - The Open Group]

A Stakeholder Map is a technique that can be used to identify and classify the stakeholders of the architecture work, and to document their key interests, requirements, and concerns. A stakeholder is any person, group, or organization that has a stake in the outcome of the architecture work, such as the sponsor, the client, the users, the suppliers, the regulators, or the competitors. A Stakeholder Map can help to understand the needs and expectations of the stakeholders, and to communicate and engage with them effectively1

The steps for creating a Stakeholder Map are:

Identify the stakeholders of the architecture work, using various sources and methods, such as interviews, surveys, workshops, or existing documents.

Classify the stakeholders according to their roles, responsibilities, and relationships, using various criteria and dimensions, such as power, influence, interest, attitude, or impact.

Define the concerns and relevant views for each stakeholder group, using various techniques, such as business scenarios, use cases, or value propositions. A concern is a key interest or issue that is relevant to the stakeholder, such as a goal, a problem, a need, or a risk. A view is a representation of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns.

Record the stakeholders and their concerns in a Stakeholder Map, which shows the mapping between the stakeholder groups, the concerns, and the views. The Stakeholder Map also shows the dependencies, assumptions, and issues related to each stakeholder and concern.

Therefore, the best answer is B, because it recommends the approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the concerns of the CIO and the partners, using the Stakeholder Map technique. The answer covers the following aspects:

An analysis of the stakeholders is undertaken, which involves identifying, classifying, and defining the stakeholders and their concerns.

The stakeholders and their concerns are documented in a Stakeholder Map, which provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the stakeholder landscape and their interests.

The concerns and relevant views are recorded in the Architecture Vision document, which is the output of Phase A: Architecture Vision of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Architecture Vision defines the scope and approach of the architecture work, and establishes the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. The Architecture Vision also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process2

The requirements include risk mitigation through regular assessments, which involves identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the risks that may affect the architecture, and determining the appropriate measures or actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks. Risk mitigation can also involve monitoring and reviewing the risk situation, and communicating and reporting the risk status and actions3

This approach also allows a supervised agile implementation of the continuous Machine Learning, which involves applying agile principles and practices to the architecture development and implementation, such as iterative and incremental delivery, frequent feedback, collaboration, and adaptation. A supervised agile implementation can help to ensure the quality, value, and alignment of the architecture, and to respond to the changing needs and expectations of the stakeholders.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 24: Stakeholder Management 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 29: Applying Iteration to the ADM

Business continuity is the ability of an organization to maintain essential functions during and after a disaster or disruption. Business continuity requirements are the specifications and criteria that define the acceptable level of performance and availability of the business processes and services in the event of a disaster or disruption. A gap analysis is a technique that compares the current state of the architecture with the desired state, and identifies the gaps or differences that need to be addressed. A change request is a formal proposal for an amendment to some product or system, such as the architecture. A Request for Architecture Work is a document that describes the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of an architecture project123

The best answer is A, because it describes the steps that would improve the resilience of the current architecture, which is the ability to withstand and recover from a ransomware attack or any other disruption. The steps are:

Determine the business continuity requirements, which specify the minimum acceptable level of performance and availability of the business processes and services in case of a ransomware attack. This would involve identifying the critical business functions, the recovery time objectives, the recovery point objectives, and the dependencies and resources needed for recovery.

Undertake a gap analysis of the current Enterprise Architecture, which compares the current state of the architecture with the desired state based on the business continuity requirements. This would involve assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the current architecture, the risks and opportunities for improvement, and the gaps or differences that need to be addressed.

Make recommendations for change requirements to address the situation and create a change request. This would involve proposing solutions and alternatives to close the gaps, enhance the resilience, and mitigate the risks of the current architecture. The change request would document the rationale, scope, impact, and benefits of the proposed changes, and seek approval from the relevant stakeholders.

Manage a meeting of the Architecture Board to assess and approve the change request. The Architecture Board is a governance body that oversees the architecture work and ensures compliance with the architecture principles, standards, and goals. The meeting would involvepresenting the change request, discussing the pros and cons, resolving any issues or conflicts, and obtaining the approval or rejection of the change request.

Once approved, produce a new Request for Architecture Work to activate an ADM cycle to carry out a project to define the change. The Request for Architecture Work would describe the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of the architecture project that would implement the approved change request. The Request for Architecture Work would initiate a new cycle of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 33: Business Scenarios 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 34: Business Transformation Readiness Assessment : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Gap Analysis : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 31: Architecture Change Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work

A Request for Architecture Work is a document that describes the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of an architecture project. A Request for Architecture Work is usually initiated by the sponsor or client of the architecture work, and approved by the Architecture Board, which is a governance body that oversees the architecture work and ensures compliance with the architecture principles, standards, and goals. A Request for Architecture Work triggers a new cycle of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture12

An Architecture Vision is a high-level description of the desired outcomes and benefits of the proposed architecture. An Architecture Vision is the output of Phase A: Architecture Vision of the ADM cycle, which is the first phase of the architecture development. An Architecture Vision defines the scope and approach of the architecture work, and establishes the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. An Architecture Vision also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process3

A trade-off analysis is a technique that can be used to evaluate and compare different architecture alternatives and select the most suitable one. A trade-off analysis involves identifying the criteria and factors that are relevant to the decision, such as costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities, and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative. A trade-off analysis also involves balancing and reconciling the multiple, often conflicting, requirements and concerns of the stakeholders, and ensuring alignment with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles.

Therefore, the best answer is D, because it proposes the best approach for architecture development to realize the CEO’s change in direction for the company. The answer covers the Request for Architecture Work, the Architecture Vision, and the trade-off analysis techniques that are relevant to the scenario.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Trade-Off Analysis

The scenario clearly states that:

Theoverall objective is known,

BUT the EA team is expected todefine the scope, shared vision, and requirements,

The company uses aniterative approach,

The CEO wantsrepurpose and reuse rather than replace,

This is amajor strategic shift(new markets, new products, new crop mix).

According to the TOGAF standard, whenthe problem must be understood, andscope, vision, and requirements are not yet defined, the correct starting point isPhase A: Architecture Vision, using aniteration cycle.

This is also consistent with the “baseline-first” approach recommended in the TOGAF Series Guides for situations where:

the business direction is known but high-level,

detailed impacts must be discovered,

and the organization wants to reuse existing capabilities rather than replace them.

OptionBis the only answer that:

Begins byunderstanding the problem,

Definesthe structure of the change,

Usesiteration cyclesstarting with abaseline-first approach,

Leads intotransition planning,

Supports clarification of theshared visionandrequirements,

Fits the CIO’s instruction to “define the scope, shared vision, and requirements.”

This matches exactly what TOGAF prescribes in early-cycleArchitecture Vision and initial iterations.

The Business Value Assessment Technique is a technique that can be used to estimate and compare the business value of the projects and project increments that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. The business value is the measure of the benefits or advantages that the project or project increment delivers to the business, such as increased revenue, reduced costs, improved quality, or enhanced customer satisfaction1

The steps for applying the Business Value Assessment Technique are:

Identify the criteria and factors that are relevant to the business value assessment, such as costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities. The criteria and factors should be aligned with the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work, and the stakeholder requirements and concerns that influence the architecture work.

Assign weights and scores to the criteria and factors, using various methods, such as expert judgment, historical data, or analytical models. The weights and scores should reflect the importance and performance of the criteria and factors, and the trade-offs and preferences of the stakeholders.

Calculate the business value for each project or project increment, using various techniques, such as net present value, return on investment, or balanced scorecard. The business value should indicate the expected or actual outcomes and impacts of the project or project increment on the business.

Prioritize the implementation projects and project increments, based on the business value and other considerations, such as dependencies, resources, or risks. The prioritization should determine the order or sequence of the projects and project increments, and the allocation and utilization of the resources.

Therefore, the best answer is C, because it describes the next steps for the migration planning, which are the activities that support the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture. The answer covers the Business Value Assessment Technique, which is relevant to the scenario.

 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 28: Business Value Assessment Technique : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks

The Implications section describes the impact of adhering to the principle on the organization, the processes, the information systems, and the technology23. It also identifies the changes, costs, and risks that may result from applying the principle23. The Implications section helps to communicate the benefits and consequences of the principle to the stakeholders and to guide the implementation and governance of the architecture23.

The other sections of the TOGAF template for Architecture Principles are1:

•Name: This section provides a short and memorable name for the principle that represents its essence and purpose23. The name should not mention any specific technology or solution23.

•Statement: This section provides a concise and formal definition of the principle that expresses the fundamental rule or constraint that the principle imposes23. The statement should be clear, unambiguous, and testable23.

•Rationale: This section provides the reasoning and justification for the principle, explaining why it is important and how it supports the business goals and drivers23. The rationale should also link the principle to the higher-level enterprise or IT principles that it elaborates on23.