H12-893_V1.0 HCIP-Data Center Network V1.0 Questions and Answers

In Huawei’s CloudFabric Solution, Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) enable isolated network environments, and interworking scenarios involve traffic between VPCs. The statement claims that traffic is checked and filtered only by the firewall in the source or destination VPC. Let’s evaluate:

VPC Interworking:Traffic between VPCs can be routed via a gateway (e.g., a Layer 3 gateway or centralized router) and may involve multiple security checkpoints depending on the design. Firewalls can be deployed in the source VPC, destination VPC, or a centralized location (e.g., a service chain or border gateway).

Firewall Role:The statement implies exclusivity (only one firewall), but in practice, traffic may be filtered by firewalls at both ends, a centralized firewall, or additional security devices (e.g., VAS nodes) in the path. For example, inter-VPC traffic might pass through a firewall in the source VPC for egress filtering and another in the destination VPC for ingress filtering, or a shared firewall in a hub-and-spoke model. Huawei’s security architecture (e.g., with SecoManager) supports distributed or centralized filtering, not limited to a single VPC’s firewall.

The statement isFALSE (B)because traffic is not restricted to being checked and filtered only by the firewall in the source or destination VPC; multiple firewalls or security devices may be involved.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VPC Interworking; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Security Design.

Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP) in Huawei’s CloudFabric automates device setup using DHCP. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Default gateway address:This is true. DHCP can deliver the default gateway address to configure routing for the device.TRUE.

B. SFTP server address:This is false. SFTP server addresses are not standard DHCP options; they may be configured manually or via other protocols (e.g., TFTP for boot files).FALSE.

C. DNS server address:This is true. DHCP can provide DNS server addresses (Option 6) for name resolution during ZTP.TRUE.

D. Temporary management IP address:This is true. DHCP assigns temporary IPs (e.g., Option 50) for management during initial provisioning in ZTP.TRUE.

Thus,A, C, and Dcan be delivered by a DHCP server in ZTP.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – ZTP Configuration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – ZTP Process.

VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a network overlay technology that encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within UDP packets to extend Layer 2 networks over Layer 3 infrastructure, widely used in Huawei’s CloudFabric data center solutions. The encapsulation process, often referred to as "MAC-in-UDP," involves wrapping the original Ethernet frame (including MAC addresses) inside a UDP packet.

UDP Encapsulation:The VXLAN header follows the UDP header, and the destination UDP port number identifies VXLAN traffic. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has officially assignedUDP port 4789as the default destination port for VXLAN.

Options Analysis:

A. 4787:This is not a standard VXLAN port and is not recognized by IANA or Huawei documentation.

B. 4789:This is the correct and widely adopted destination port for VXLAN, as specified in RFC 7348 and implemented in Huawei’s VXLAN configurations.

C. 4790:This port is not associated with VXLAN and is unused in this context.

D. 4788:This is not a standard VXLAN port; it may be confused with other protocols but is not correct for VXLAN.

Thus, the destination port number used during UDP encapsulation in VXLAN isB (4789), aligning with Huawei’s VXLAN implementation standards.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – VXLAN Configuration Guide; RFC 7348 – Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN).

On Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, VXLAN tunnel monitoring and troubleshooting involve specific commands to diagnose issues such as tunnel Down status or failed dynamic establishment. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Run the display vxlan statistics command to check the cause of the fault:This command provides statistics on VXLAN tunnel traffic, including packet drops, encapsulation/decapsulation counts, and errors. It helps identify issues like misconfiguration or network congestion, making it a valid troubleshooting tool.TRUE.

B. Run the display vxlan peer command to check the cause of the fault on the peer device of the tunnel:This command displays information about VXLAN peers, including their IP addresses, VNIs, and reachability status. Checking the peer device’s status can reveal connectivity or configuration mismatches, aiding fault diagnosis.TRUE.

C. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check the causes of at most the latest five failures to dynamically establish a VXLAN tunnel:This command logs and displays troubleshooting details, including the latest five failure reasons for dynamic tunnel setup (e.g., BGP EVPN issues or reachability problems). This is a standard feature on Huawei CE switches.TRUE.

D. Run the display vxlan troubleshooting command to check at most the latest five reasons why a VXLAN tunnel goes Down:This command also tracks reasons for tunnel Down events (e.g., underlay failure, peer unreachability), limited to the latest five incidents. This is consistent with Huawei’s troubleshooting capabilities.TRUE.

All optionsA, B, C, and Dare true, as they represent valid commands and approaches to troubleshoot VXLAN tunnel issues on Huawei CE switches.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Command Reference – VXLAN Commands; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Troubleshooting VXLAN.

In Huawei’s M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation) on CE series switches, the two member devices synchronize critical information over the peer-link to ensure seamless operation and failover. Let’s evaluate each option:

A. ACL information:Access Control List (ACL) configurations are typically not synchronized in M-LAG, as they are device-specific security policies. Synchronization of ACLs is not a standard feature in Huawei’s M-LAG implementation.NOT SYNCHRONIZED.

B. STP status:Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) status (e.g., port roles, states) is synchronized to maintain a consistent loop-free topology across M-LAG peers, especially when V-STP or other STP variants are used.SYNCHRONIZED.

C. Device name:Device names are administrative identifiers and are not synchronized, as they do not impact traffic forwarding or M-LAG functionality.NOT SYNCHRONIZED.

D. LACP information:Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) status (e.g., link states, aggregation details) is synchronized to ensure both M-LAG devices present a unified LAG to downstream devices, supporting load balancing and failover.SYNCHRONIZED.

Thus,B (STP status) and D (LACP information)are synchronized between M-LAG devices.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG Synchronization; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – M-LAG Operation.

The tenant service model in Huawei’s data center networks (e.g., CloudFabric with SDN) organizes resources for multi-tenancy. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. A tenant can apply for independent compute, storage, and network resources:This is true. Tenants in a multi-tenant environment can request isolated compute (VMs), storage (volumes), and network (VLANs/VXLAN VNIs) resources, a core feature of Huawei’s tenant isolation model.TRUE.

B. One logical router is mapped to one VRF:This is true. A Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) instance is associated with a logical router to provide isolated Layer 3 routing for a tenant, a standard practice in Huawei’s network virtualization.TRUE.

C. An EPG can have only one subnet:This is false. An Endpoint Group (EPG) in Huawei’s ACI-like models can span multiple subnets, grouping endpoints (e.g., VMs) based on policies, not limited to a single subnet.FALSE.

D. A subnet supports the access of only one VM:This is false. A subnet can support multiple VMs, as it defines an IP address range for a network segment, not a one-to-one VM mapping.FALSE.

Thus,A and Bare true statements about the tenant service model.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Tenant Model; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Multi-Tenancy.

Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (M-LAG) is a high-availability technology on Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, where two switches appear as a single logical device to downstream devices. The peer-link between the M-LAG peers synchronizes critical information to ensure seamless failover if one device fails. Let’s evaluate the entries:

A. MAC Address Entries:MAC address tables map device MACs to ports. In M-LAG, synchronizing MAC entries ensures that both switches know the location of connected devices. If one switch fails, the surviving switch can forward Layer 2 traffic without relearning MAC addresses, preventing disruptions.Required.

B. Routing Entries:Routing entries (e.g., OSPF or BGP routes) are maintained at Layer 3 and typically synchronized via routing protocols, not M-LAG peer-link packets. M-LAG operates at Layer 2, and while Layer 3 can be overlaid (e.g., with VXLAN), routing table synchronization is not a standard M-LAG requirement.Not Required.

C. IGMP Entries:IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) entries track multicast group memberships. While useful for multicast traffic, they are not critical for basic unicast traffic forwarding in M-LAG failover scenarios. Huawei documentation indicates IGMP synchronization is optional and context-specific, not mandatory for general traffic continuity.Not Required.

D. ARP Entries:ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) entries map IP addresses to MAC addresses, crucial for Layer 2/Layer 3 communication. Synchronizing ARP entries ensures the surviving switch can resolve IP-to-MAC mappings post-failover, avoiding ARP flooding or traffic loss.Required.

Thus,A (MAC address entries) and D (ARP entries)are essential for M-LAG synchronization to maintain traffic forwarding during failover, per Huawei CE switch M-LAG design.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG Section; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – High Availability Technologies.

Layer 4 load balancing operates at the transport layer (OSI Layer 4), using TCP/UDP protocols to distribute traffic based on information like IP addresses and port numbers, without inspecting the application-layer content (Layer 7). Let’s evaluate each option:

A. Nginx:Nginx is a versatile web server and reverse proxy that supports both Layer 4 and Layer 7 load balancing. In its Layer 4 mode (e.g., with the stream module), it balances TCP/UDP traffic, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. This is widely used in Huawei’s CloudFabric DCN solutions for traffic distribution.TRUE.

B. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol):PPP is a Layer 2 protocol used for establishing direct connections between two nodes, typically in WAN scenarios (e.g., dial-up or VPNs). It does not perform load balancing at Layer 4 or any layer, as it’s a point-to-point encapsulation protocol.FALSE.

C. LVS (Linux Virtual Server):LVS is a high-performance, open-source load balancing solution integrated into the Linux kernel. It operates at Layer 4, using techniques like NAT, IP tunneling, or direct routing to distribute TCP/UDP traffic across backend servers. It’s a core Layer 4 technology in enterprise DCNs.TRUE.

D. HAProxy:HAProxy is a high-availability load balancer that supports both Layer 4 (TCP mode) and Layer 7 (HTTP mode). In TCP mode, it balances traffic based on Layer 4 attributes, making it a Layer 4 load balancing technology. It’s commonly deployed in Huawei DCN environments.TRUE.

Thus,A (Nginx), C (LVS), and D (HAProxy)are Layer 4 load balancing technologies. PPP is not.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Load Balancing Section; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Network Traffic Management.

iMaster NCE-Fabric automates network configuration delivery in Huawei’s CloudFabric. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. Logical switches are mainly used for Layer 3 communication between hosts on a VXLAN network. These switches correspond to Layer 3 gateway configurations such as VBDIF interface and VPN instance configurations on physical devices:This is false. Logical switches in iMaster NCE-Fabric primarily handle Layer 2 communication (e.g., bridging within a VNI), corresponding to Bridge Domains (BDs) and Layer 2 VNIs. Layer 3communication is managed by gateways, not logical switches.FALSE.

B. An end port represents an online host. It corresponds to the traffic encapsulation type (whether a VLAN tag is carried) configured on a Layer 2 sub-interface of a physical device:This is true. End ports map to host connections, with encapsulation (VLAN-tagged or untagged) configured on sub-interfaces.TRUE.

C. A logical port is equivalent to an independent physical port that is used by a host to connect to a VXLAN network. It corresponds to the Layer 2 sub-interface configuration on a physical device:This is true. Logical ports represent host connections, mapped to Layer 2 sub-interfaces for VXLAN access.TRUE.

D. Logical switches are mainly used for Layer 2 communication between hosts on a VXLAN network. These switches correspond to BD and Layer 2 VNI configurations on physical devices:This is true. Logical switches facilitate Layer 2 connectivity, aligning with BD and VNI settings.TRUE.

Thus,Ais the false statement because logical switches are for Layer 2, not Layer 3, communication.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Configuration; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Logical Network Mapping.

In a hot standby scenario, firewalls (e.g., Huawei USG series) maintain high availability by synchronizing session tables between active and standby devices to ensure seamless failover. Let’s evaluate each protocol:

A. M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation):M-LAG is a link aggregation technology for switches, not designed for session table backup between firewalls.Incorrect.

B. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol):VRRP provides gateway redundancy by electing a master router, but it does not handle session table synchronization between firewalls.Incorrect.

C. BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection):BFD is a fast failure detection protocolused with routing protocols, not for session table backup.Incorrect.

D. HRP (Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol):HRP is Huawei’s proprietary protocol specifically designed for firewall hot standby scenarios. It synchronizes session tables, configuration data, and status information between active and standby firewalls to ensure stateful failover.Correct.

Thus, the answer isD (HRP).References:Huawei Firewall Configuration Guide – Hot Standby; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Firewall Redundancy.

In Huawei’s spine-leaf VXLAN fabric (e.g., CloudFabric), nodes have specific roles:

A. DCI leaf:Data Center Interconnect (DCI) leaf nodes connect different data centers, not internal computing resources.Incorrect.

B. Server leaf:Server leaf nodes connect computing resources (virtual servers via hypervisors, physical servers) to the VXLAN fabric, handling access traffic. This is the correct role for connecting servers.Correct.

C. Border leaf:Border leaf nodes connect the DCN to external networks, not internal computing resources.Incorrect.

D. Service leaf:Service leaf nodes connect to value-added services (e.g., firewalls), not directly to computing resources like servers.Incorrect.

Thus, the answer isB (Server leaf).References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Spine-Leaf Architecture; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Node Roles.

In Huawei’s M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation), the heartbeat link (or peer-link) ensures communication between member devices. A fault in this link can impact M-LAG operation. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. The fault that two master devices exist cannot be detected in the case of a peer-link fault:This is false. A peer-link fault can be detected, and mechanisms like dual-master detection (e.g., via Inter-Chassis Communication Link or ICC) can identify if both devices assume master roles, triggering corrective actions.FALSE.

B. An alarm is triggered:This is true. A peer-link fault generates an alarm to notify administrators, as it’s a critical failure in M-LAG operation, per Huawei’s fault management system.TRUE.

C. The fault protection mechanism is triggered:This is true. Huawei M-LAG includes protection mechanisms (e.g., failover to backup links or shutdown of conflicting interfaces) to mitigate peer-link faults and maintain service continuity.TRUE.

D. Services are affected:This is false. With proper configuration (e.g., redundant links or fast failover), services should not be affected by a peer-link fault, as M-LAG is designed for high availability. Impact depends on redundancy, but the design goal is uninterrupted service.FALSE.

Thus,A and Dare false statements because dual-master faults can be detected, and services are not necessarily affected with adequate redundancy.References:Huawei CloudEngine Series Switch Configuration Guide – M-LAG Fault Handling; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – M-LAG Reliability.

In Huawei’s CloudFabric computing scenario, VM service traffic involves virtualized environments with VXLAN overlays and traditional VLANs. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. Traffic inside a fabric is VXLAN encapsulated:This is true. Within a CloudFabric network, VXLAN encapsulation is used to transport traffic across the fabric, enabling overlay networking for VMs.TRUE.

B. Inter-VPC traffic must pass through the firewall:This is false. Inter-VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) traffic can be routed directly between VPCs using a gateway or router (e.g., with EVPN Type 5 routes) without necessarily passing through a firewall, depending on security policies. Firewalls are optional for inter-VPC traffic, not mandatory.FALSE.

C. Traffic between VAS devices and service leaf nodes is VLAN encapsulated:This is true. Value-Added Services (VAS) devices (e.g., load balancers) often connect to service leaf nodes using VLAN encapsulation, especially in traditional or hybrid deployments.TRUE.

D. Traffic between vSwitches on virtual servers and server leaf nodes is VLAN encapsulated:This is true. Traffic from virtual switches (vSwitches) on hypervisors to physical server leaf nodes typically uses VLAN encapsulation over the physical NICs, before VXLAN overlay if applicable.TRUE.

Thus,Bis the false statement because inter-VPC traffic does not always require a firewall.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – Traffic Engineering; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – VM Traffic.

To identify the false statement, we evaluate each option based on standard M-LAG documentation, such as Huawei’s and Arista’s guidelines, which are commonly referenced in HCIP-Data Center Network training.

Option A: In loose mode, if Type 1 configurations of the two M-LAG member devices are inconsistent, the member interface on the M-LAG backup device is in Error-Down state and an alarm is generated, indicating that Type 1 configurations on the two devices are inconsistent.

Evaluation: This statement is true. In loose mode, inconsistencies in Type 1 (key) configurations are still critical, as they can affect M-LAG operation. According toHuawei M-LAG Configuration Guide, when Type 1 configurations are inconsistent in loose mode, the system may place the member interface on the backup device into an Error-Down state and generate an alarm to alert administrators. This ensures that critical issues are flagged, even in loose mode, to prevent loops or packet loss.

Conclusion: True.

Option B: If Type 1 configurations of the two M-LAG member devices are inconsistent, certain problems may occur, such as loops and long-period packet loss when the status is normal.

Evaluation: This statement is true. Type 1 configurations are essential for M-LAG operation, and inconsistencies can lead to severe network issues. For example, mismatched LACP settings or VLAN mappings can create loops or cause packet loss, as noted inArista M-LAG Documentation. These problems can persist even when the system appears normal, making consistency checks critical for troubleshooting and O&M.

Conclusion: True.

Option C: If Type 2 configurations of the two M-LAG member devices are inconsistent, the M-LAG running status may be abnormal. Compared with Type 1 configuration problems, Type 2 configuration problems are more likely to be detected and have less impact on the network.

Evaluation: This statement is true. Type 2 (common) configurations, such as QoS or STP settings, are less critical but can still affect network performance. According toHuawei M-LAG Best Practices, Type 2 inconsistencies are often detected during consistency checks but have a lower impact on M-LAG operation compared to Type 1 issues. They are also more likely to be flagged during monitoring, as they are less severe and easier to resolve.

Conclusion: True.

Option D: If Type 2 configurations of the two M-LAG member devices are inconsistent, an alarm that indicates key and common configuration inconsistencies is generated.

Evaluation: This statement is false. While Type 2 (common) configuration inconsistencies are detected during consistency checks, they do not typically triggeralarms, especially alarms that specifically indicate both key and common configuration inconsistencies. According toHuawei M-LAG Configuration GuideandArista M-LAG Documentation, Type 2 inconsistencies may be logged or reported in system logs but are not severe enough to generate critical alarms unless they significantly impact network operation. Alarms are more commonly associated with Type 1 (key) configuration inconsistencies, as they pose a higher risk to M-LAG functionality.

Conclusion: False.

TheEasy modein Huawei’s iMaster NCE-Fabric simplifies network deployment for basic VXLAN fabrics. Let’s evaluate each statement:

A. This mode has low networking requirements:This is true. Easy mode is designed for simple topologies (e.g., small spine-leaf networks) with minimal configuration complexity.TRUE.

B. iMaster NCE-Fabric automatically generates configuration script files:This is true. Easy mode automates script generation based on user inputs, reducing manual effort.TRUE.

C. On iMaster NCE-Fabric, you need to manually create and configure fabric resource pools, managed devices, device groups, device roles, tenants, and VPCs one by one in the Configuration Wizard menu:This is false. Easy mode automates these tasks, minimizing manual configuration compared to advanced modes.FALSE.

D. Layer 2 and Layer 3 basic services in a VPC are orchestrated on the Easy page:This is true. Easy mode supports automated orchestration of L2 (e.g., BDs) and L3 (e.g., gateways) services within a VPC.TRUE.

Thus,A, B, and Dare true statements about Easy mode.References:Huawei CloudFabric Data Center Network Solution – iMaster NCE-Fabric Easy Mode; HCIP-Data Center Network Training – Deployment Modes.