Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Questions and Answers
You have trained a text classification model in TensorFlow using Al Platform. You want to use the trained model for batch predictions on text data stored in BigQuery while minimizing computational overhead. What should you do?
You developed a Transformer model in TensorFlow to translate text Your training data includes millions of documents in a Cloud Storage bucket. You plan to use distributed training to reduce training time. You need to configure the training job while minimizing the effort required to modify code and to manage the clusters configuration. What should you do?
You work on a team that builds state-of-the-art deep learning models by using the TensorFlow framework. Your team runs multiple ML experiments each week which makes it difficult to track the experiment runs. You want a simple approach to effectively track, visualize and debug ML experiment runs on Google Cloud while minimizing any overhead code. How should you proceed?
You are developing an ML model that uses sliced frames from video feed and creates bounding boxes around specific objects. You want to automate the following steps in your training pipeline: ingestion and preprocessing of data in Cloud Storage, followed by training and hyperparameter tuning of the object model using Vertex AI jobs, and finally deploying the model to an endpoint. You want to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. What approach should you use?
You are training a TensorFlow model on a structured data set with 100 billion records stored in several CSV files. You need to improve the input/output execution performance. What should you do?
Your organization wants to make its internal shuttle service route more efficient. The shuttles currently stop at all pick-up points across the city every 30 minutes between 7 am and 10 am. The development team has already built an application on Google Kubernetes Engine that requires users to confirm their presence and shuttle station one day in advance. What approach should you take?
Your company manages a video sharing website where users can watch and upload videos. You need to
create an ML model to predict which newly uploaded videos will be the most popular so that those videos can be prioritized on your company’s website. Which result should you use to determine whether the model is successful?
You are an ML engineer at an ecommerce company and have been tasked with building a model that predicts how much inventory the logistics team should order each month. Which approach should you take?
You are developing a custom image classification model in Python. You plan to run your training application on Vertex Al Your input dataset contains several hundred thousand small images You need to determine how to store and access the images for training. You want to maximize data throughput and minimize training time while reducing the amount of additional code. What should you do?
You are developing a model to help your company create more targeted online advertising campaigns. You need to create a dataset that you will use to train the model. You want to avoid creating or reinforcing unfair bias in the model. What should you do?
Choose 2 answers
You work for a large retailer and you need to build a model to predict customer churn. The company has a dataset of historical customer data, including customer demographics, purchase history, and website activity. You need to create the model in BigQuery ML and thoroughly evaluate its performance. What should you do?
You are profiling the performance of your TensorFlow model training time and notice a performance issue caused by inefficiencies in the input data pipeline for a single 5 terabyte CSV file dataset on Cloud Storage. You need to optimize the input pipeline performance. Which action should you try first to increase the efficiency of your pipeline?
You created a model that uses BigQuery ML to perform linear regression. You need to retrain the model on the cumulative data collected every week. You want to minimize the development effort and the scheduling cost. What should you do?
You work for a company that provides an anti-spam service that flags and hides spam posts on social media platforms. Your company currently uses a list of 200,000 keywords to identify suspected spam posts. If a post contains more than a few of these keywords, the post is identified as spam. You want to start using machine learning to flag spam posts for human review. What is the main advantage of implementing machine learning for this business case?
You received a training-serving skew alert from a Vertex Al Model Monitoring job running in production. You retrained the model with more recent training data, and deployed it back to the Vertex Al endpoint but you are still receiving the same alert. What should you do?
You work for a bank and are building a random forest model for fraud detection. You have a dataset that
includes transactions, of which 1% are identified as fraudulent. Which data transformation strategy would likely improve the performance of your classifier?
You built and manage a production system that is responsible for predicting sales numbers. Model accuracy is crucial, because the production model is required to keep up with market changes. Since being deployed to production, the model hasn ' t changed; however the accuracy of the model has steadily deteriorated. What issue is most likely causing the steady decline in model accuracy?
You work at a gaming startup that has several terabytes of structured data in Cloud Storage. This data includes gameplay time data, user metadata, and game metadata. You want to build a model that recommends new games to users that requires the least amount of coding. What should you do?
You are responsible for building a unified analytics environment across a variety of on-premises data marts. Your company is experiencing data quality and security challenges when integrating data across the servers, caused by the use of a wide range of disconnected tools and temporary solutions. You need a fully managed, cloud-native data integration service that will lower the total cost of work and reduce repetitive work. Some members on your team prefer a codeless interface for building Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process. Which service should you use?
Your organization’s marketing team is building a customer recommendation chatbot that uses a generative AI large language model (LLM) to provide personalized product suggestions in real time. The chatbot needs to access data from millions of customers, including purchase history, browsing behavior, and preferences. The data is stored in a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL database. You need the chatbot response time to be less than 100ms. How should you design the system?
You work on the data science team at a manufacturing company. You are reviewing the company ' s historical sales data, which has hundreds of millions of records. For your exploratory data analysis, you need to calculate descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and mode; conduct complex statistical tests for hypothesis testing; and plot variations of the features over time You want to use as much of the sales data as possible in your analyses while minimizing computational resources. What should you do?
You are designing an architecture with a serverless ML system to enrich customer support tickets with informative metadata before they are routed to a support agent. You need a set of models to predict ticket priority, predict ticket resolution time, and perform sentiment analysis to help agents make strategic decisions when they process support requests. Tickets are not expected to have any domain-specific terms or jargon.
The proposed architecture has the following flow:
Which endpoints should the Enrichment Cloud Functions call?
Your team has a model deployed to a Vertex Al endpoint You have created a Vertex Al pipeline that automates the model training process and is triggered by a Cloud Function. You need to prioritize keeping the model up-to-date, but also minimize retraining costs. How should you configure retraining ' ?
You work for a gaming company that manages a popular online multiplayer game where teams with 6 players play against each other in 5-minute battles. There are many new players every day. You need to build a model that automatically assigns available players to teams in real time. User research indicates that the game is more enjoyable when battles have players with similar skill levels. Which business metrics should you track to measure your model’s performance? (Choose One Correct Answer)
You have built a custom model that performs several memory-intensive preprocessing tasks before it makes a prediction. You deployed the model to a Vertex Al endpoint. and validated that results were received in a reasonable amount of time After routing user traffic to the endpoint, you discover that the endpoint does not autoscale as expected when receiving multiple requests What should you do?
You are implementing a batch inference ML pipeline in Google Cloud. The model was developed using TensorFlow and is stored in SavedModel format in Cloud Storage You need to apply the model to a historical dataset containing 10 TB of data that is stored in a BigQuery table How should you perform the inference?
You need to create a working environment in Vertex AI Workbench for a team of data scientists. Each data scientist has different VM CPU and RAM and package requirements, and will be assigned a personal notebook instance. You want each instance to have a custom set of packages pre-installed. Your company wants to minimize the running cost of notebook instances. How should you create the environment?
You are training an object detection machine learning model on a dataset that consists of three million X-ray images, each roughly 2 GB in size. You are using Vertex AI Training to run a custom training application on a Compute Engine instance with 32-cores, 128 GB of RAM, and 1 NVIDIA P100 GPU. You notice that model training is taking a very long time. You want to decrease training time without sacrificing model performance. What should you do?
You recently deployed a pipeline in Vertex Al Pipelines that trains and pushes a model to a Vertex Al endpoint to serve real-time traffic. You need to continue experimenting and iterating on your pipeline to improve model performance. You plan to use Cloud Build for CI/CD You want to quickly and easily deploy new pipelines into production and you want to minimize the chance that the new pipeline implementations will break in production. What should you do?
You manage a team of data scientists who use a cloud-based backend system to submit training jobs. This system has become very difficult to administer, and you want to use a managed service instead. The data scientists you work with use many different frameworks, including Keras, PyTorch, theano, scikit-learn, and custom libraries. What should you do?
You work with a team of researchers to develop state-of-the-art algorithms for financial analysis. Your team develops and debugs complex models in TensorFlow. You want to maintain the ease of debugging while also reducing the model training time. How should you set up your training environment?
You work for a bank You have been asked to develop an ML model that will support loan application decisions. You need to determine which Vertex Al services to include in the workflow You want to track the model ' s training parameters and the metrics per training epoch. You plan to compare the performance of each version of the model to determine the best model based on your chosen metrics. Which Vertex Al services should you use?
One of your models is trained using data provided by a third-party data broker. The data broker does not reliably notify you of formatting changes in the data. You want to make your model training pipeline more robust to issues like this. What should you do?
You have a demand forecasting pipeline in production that uses Dataflow to preprocess raw data prior to model training and prediction. During preprocessing, you employ Z-score normalization on data stored in BigQuery and write it back to BigQuery. New training data is added every week. You want to make the process more efficient by minimizing computation time and manual intervention. What should you do?
You are the Director of Data Science at a large company, and your Data Science team has recently begun using the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to orchestrate their training pipelines. Your team is struggling to integrate their custom Python code into the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK. How should you instruct them to proceed in order to quickly integrate their code with the Kubeflow Pipelines SDK?
You are analyzing customer data for a healthcare organization that is stored in Cloud Storage. The data contains personally identifiable information (PII) You need to perform data exploration and preprocessing while ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive fields What should you do?
Your team is working on an NLP research project to predict political affiliation of authors based on articles they have written. You have a large training dataset that is structured like this:
You followed the standard 80%-10%-10% data distribution across the training, testing, and evaluation subsets. How should you distribute the training examples across the train-test-eval subsets while maintaining the 80-10-10 proportion?
A)
B)
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D)
You work for an online grocery store. You recently developed a custom ML model that recommends a recipe when a user arrives at the website. You chose the machine type on the Vertex Al endpoint to optimize costs by using the queries per second (QPS) that the model can serve, and you deployed it on a single machine with 8 vCPUs and no accelerators.
A holiday season is approaching and you anticipate four times more traffic during this time than the typical daily traffic You need to ensure that the model can scale efficiently to the increased demand. What should you do?
Your team frequently creates new ML models and runs experiments. Your team pushes code to a single repository hosted on Cloud Source Repositories. You want to create a continuous integration pipeline that automatically retrains the models whenever there is any modification of the code. What should be your first step to set up the CI pipeline?
You are training a Resnet model on Al Platform using TPUs to visually categorize types of defects in automobile engines. You capture the training profile using the Cloud TPU profiler plugin and observe that it is highly input-bound. You want to reduce the bottleneck and speed up your model training process. Which modifications should you make to the tf .data dataset?
Choose 2 answers
You work for a hospital that wants to optimize how it schedules operations. You need to create a model that uses the relationship between the number of surgeries scheduled and beds used You want to predict how many beds will be needed for patients each day in advance based on the scheduled surgeries You have one year of data for the hospital organized in 365 rows
The data includes the following variables for each day
• Number of scheduled surgeries
• Number of beds occupied
• Date
You want to maximize the speed of model development and testing What should you do?
You are developing an image recognition model using PyTorch based on ResNet50 architecture. Your code is working fine on your local laptop on a small subsample. Your full dataset has 200k labeled images You want to quickly scale your training workload while minimizing cost. You plan to use 4 V100 GPUs. What should you do? (Choose Correct Answer and Give References and Explanation)
You are developing an ML model in a Vertex Al Workbench notebook. You want to track artifacts and compare models during experimentation using different approaches. You need to rapidly and easily transition successful experiments to production as you iterate on your model implementation. What should you do?
You work for a company that sells corporate electronic products to thousands of businesses worldwide. Your company stores historical customer data in BigQuery. You need to build a model that predicts customer lifetime value over the next three years. You want to use the simplest approach to build the model and you want to have access to visualization tools. What should you do?
You trained a text classification model. You have the following SignatureDefs:
What is the correct way to write the predict request?
You developed a custom model by using Vertex Al to forecast the sales of your company s products based on historical transactional data You anticipate changes in the feature distributions and the correlations between the features in the near future You also expect to receive a large volume of prediction requests You plan to use Vertex Al Model Monitoring for drift detection and you want to minimize the cost. What should you do?
You work on a growing team of more than 50 data scientists who all use AI Platform. You are designing a strategy to organize your jobs, models, and versions in a clean and scalable way. Which strategy should you choose?
You recently developed a deep learning model using Keras, and now you are experimenting with different training strategies. First, you trained the model using a single GPU, but the training process was too slow. Next, you distributed the training across 4 GPUs using tf.distribute.MirroredStrategy (with no other changes), but you did not observe a decrease in training time. What should you do?
You recently trained a XGBoost model that you plan to deploy to production for online inference Before sending a predict request to your model ' s binary you need to perform a simple data preprocessing step This step exposes a REST API that accepts requests in your internal VPC Service Controls and returns predictions You want to configure this preprocessing step while minimizing cost and effort What should you do?
You are building a predictive maintenance model to preemptively detect part defects in bridges. You plan to use high definition images of the bridges as model inputs. You need to explain the output of the model to the relevant stakeholders so they can take appropriate action. How should you build the model?
You work for an international manufacturing organization that ships scientific products all over the world Instruction manuals for these products need to be translated to 15 different languages Your organization ' s leadership team wants to start using machine learning to reduce the cost of manual human translations and increase translation speed. You need to implement a scalable solution that maximizes accuracy and minimizes operational overhead. You also want to include a process to evaluate and fix incorrect translations. What should you do?
During batch training of a neural network, you notice that there is an oscillation in the loss. How should you adjust your model to ensure that it converges?
You work for a large hotel chain and have been asked to assist the marketing team in gathering predictions for a targeted marketing strategy. You need to make predictions about user lifetime value (LTV) over the next 30 days so that marketing can be adjusted accordingly. The customer dataset is in BigQuery, and you are preparing the tabular data for training with AutoML Tables. This data has a time signal that is spread across multiple columns. How should you ensure that AutoML fits the best model to your data?
You have been asked to develop an input pipeline for an ML training model that processes images from disparate sources at a low latency. You discover that your input data does not fit in memory. How should you create a dataset following Google-recommended best practices?
You have developed an AutoML tabular classification model that identifies high-value customers who interact with your organization ' s website.
You plan to deploy the model to a new Vertex Al endpoint that will integrate with your website application. You expect higher traffic to the website during
nights and weekends. You need to configure the model endpoint ' s deployment settings to minimize latency and cost. What should you do?
You work for a company that captures live video footage of checkout areas in their retail stores You need to use the live video footage to build a mode! to detect the number of customers waiting for service in near real time You want to implement a solution quickly and with minimal effort How should you build the model?
You work for a magazine distributor and need to build a model that predicts which customers will renew their subscriptions for the upcoming year. Using your company’s his torical data as your training set, you created a TensorFlow model and deployed it to AI Platform. You need to determine which customer attribute has the most predictive power for each prediction served by the model. What should you do?
You recently used BigQuery ML to train an AutoML regression model. You shared results with your team and received positive feedback. You need to deploy your model for online prediction as quickly as possible. What should you do?
You have written unit tests for a Kubeflow Pipeline that require custom libraries. You want to automate the execution of unit tests with each new push to your development branch in Cloud Source Repositories. What should you do?
You are tasked with building an MLOps pipeline to retrain tree-based models in production. The pipeline will include components related to data ingestion, data processing, model training, model evaluation, and model deployment. Your organization primarily uses PySpark-based workloads for data preprocessing. You want to minimize infrastructure management effort. How should you set up the pipeline?
You work for a bank with strict data governance requirements. You recently implemented a custom model to detect fraudulent transactions You want your training code to download internal data by using an API endpoint hosted in your projects network You need the data to be accessed in the most secure way, while mitigating the risk of data exfiltration. What should you do?
Your team needs to build a model that predicts whether images contain a driver ' s license, passport, or credit card. The data engineering team already built the pipeline and generated a dataset composed of 10,000 images with driver ' s licenses, 1,000 images with passports, and 1,000 images with credit cards. You now have to train a model with the following label map: [ ' driversjicense ' , ' passport ' , ' credit_card ' ]. Which loss function should you use?
You recently joined a machine learning team that will soon release a new project. As a lead on the project, you are asked to determine the production readiness of the ML components. The team has already tested features and data, model development, and infrastructure. Which additional readiness check should you recommend to the team?
You have recently trained a scikit-learn model that you plan to deploy on Vertex Al. This model will support both online and batch prediction. You need to preprocess input data for model inference. You want to package the model for deployment while minimizing additional code What should you do?
You work at a bank. You need to develop a credit risk model to support loan application decisions You decide to implement the model by using a neural network in TensorFlow Due to regulatory requirements, you need to be able to explain the models predictions based on its features When the model is deployed, you also want to monitor the model ' s performance overtime You decided to use Vertex Al for both model development and deployment What should you do?
You work for a company that sells corporate electronic products to thousands of businesses worldwide. Your company stores historical customer data in BigQuery. You need to build a model that predicts customer lifetime value over the next three years. You want to use the simplest approach to build the model. What should you do?
You are an ML engineer at a manufacturing company. You need to build a model that identifies defects in products based on images of the product taken at the end of the assembly line. You want your model to preprocess the images with lower computation to quickly extract features of defects in products. Which approach should you use to build the model?
You trained a model on data stored in a Cloud Storage bucket. The model needs to be retrained frequently in Vertex AI Training using the latest data in the bucket. Data preprocessing is required prior to retraining. You want to build a simple and efficient near-real-time ML pipeline in Vertex AI that will preprocess the data when new data arrives in the bucket. What should you do?
You are developing a model to predict whether a failure will occur in a critical machine part. You have a dataset consisting of a multivariate time series and labels indicating whether the machine part failed You recently started experimenting with a few different preprocessing and modeling approaches in a Vertex Al Workbench notebook. You want to log data and track artifacts from each run. How should you set up your experiments?
Options:
You work for a pet food company that manages an online forum Customers upload photos of their pets on the forum to share with others About 20 photos are uploaded daily You want to automatically and in near real time detect whether each uploaded photo has an animal You want to prioritize time and minimize cost of your application development and deployment What should you do?
You recently deployed a scikit-learn model to a Vertex Al endpoint You are now testing the model on live production traffic While monitoring the endpoint. you discover twice as many requests per hour than expected throughout the day You want the endpoint to efficiently scale when the demand increases in the future to prevent users from experiencing high latency What should you do?
You are working on a system log anomaly detection model for a cybersecurity organization. You have developed the model using TensorFlow, and you plan to use it for real-time prediction. You need to create a Dataflow pipeline to ingest data via Pub/Sub and write the results to BigQuery. You want to minimize the serving latency as much as possible. What should you do?
You work for an organization that operates a streaming music service. You have a custom production model that is serving a " next song " recommendation based on a user’s recent listening history. Your model is deployed on a Vertex Al endpoint. You recently retrained the same model by using fresh data. The model received positive test results offline. You now want to test the new model in production while minimizing complexity. What should you do?
You are developing an ML model intended to classify whether X-Ray images indicate bone fracture risk. You have trained on Api Resnet architecture on Vertex AI using a TPU as an accelerator, however you are unsatisfied with the trainning time and use memory usage. You want to quickly iterate your training code but make minimal changes to the code. You also want to minimize impact on the models accuracy. What should you do?
You work for a company that is developing an application to help users with meal planning You want to use machine learning to scan a corpus of recipes and extract each ingredient (e g carrot, rice pasta) and each kitchen cookware (e.g. bowl, pot spoon) mentioned Each recipe is saved in an unstructured text file What should you do?
You have created multiple versions of an ML model and have imported them to Vertex AI Model Registry. You want to perform A/B testing to identify the best-performing model using the simplest approach. What should you do?
You have recently used TensorFlow to train a classification model on tabular data You have created a Dataflow pipeline that can transform several terabytes of data into training or prediction datasets consisting of TFRecords. You now need to productionize the model, and you want the predictions to be automatically uploaded to a BigQuery table on a weekly schedule. What should you do?
You developed an ML model with Al Platform, and you want to move it to production. You serve a few thousand queries per second and are experiencing latency issues. Incoming requests are served by a load balancer that distributes them across multiple Kubeflow CPU-only pods running on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Your goal is to improve the serving latency without changing the underlying infrastructure. What should you do?
You are investigating the root cause of a misclassification error made by one of your models. You used Vertex Al Pipelines to tram and deploy the model. The pipeline reads data from BigQuery. creates a copy of the data in Cloud Storage in TFRecord format trains the model in Vertex Al Training on that copy, and deploys the model to a Vertex Al endpoint. You have identified the specific version of that model that misclassified: and you need to recover the data this model was trained on. How should you find that copy of the data ' ?
You have trained an XGBoost model that you plan to deploy on Vertex Al for online prediction. You are now uploading your model to Vertex Al Model Registry, and you need to configure the explanation method that will serve online prediction requests to be returned with minimal latency. You also want to be alerted when feature attributions of the model meaningfully change over time. What should you do?
Your data science team needs to rapidly experiment with various features, model architectures, and hyperparameters. They need to track the accuracy metrics for various experiments and use an API to query the metrics over time. What should they use to track and report their experiments while minimizing manual effort?
You are collaborating on a model prototype with your team. You need to create a Vertex Al Workbench environment for the members of your team and also limit access to other employees in your project. What should you do?
You need to develop an image classification model by using a large dataset that contains labeled images in a Cloud Storage Bucket. What should you do?
Your data science team has requested a system that supports scheduled model retraining, Docker containers, and a service that supports autoscaling and monitoring for online prediction requests. Which platform components should you choose for this system?
You are creating a social media app where pet owners can post images of their pets. You have one million user uploaded images with hashtags. You want to build a comprehensive system that recommends images to users that are similar in appearance to their own uploaded images.
What should you do?
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