PDI Platform Developer I (SP23) Questions and Answers

The code snippet uses a for loop to create a list of 200 Account objects, each with a unique name. Then, it uses the Database.insert method to insert the list of accounts into the database in one DML operation. The Database.insert method returns a list of Database.SaveResult objects, which contain information about the success or failure of each record insertion. However, the code snippet does not check the results or handle any errors that might occur. Therefore, the result of the code snippet is that 200 accounts are inserted, unless an exception is thrown due to a trigger, validation rule, governor limit, or other reason. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using Database Methods
• Apex Developer Guide: Bulk DML Exception Handling
• Trailhead: Apex Basics & Database

• Apex Flex Queue is a location where a developer can view and reorder the pending asynchronous Apex jobs that are waiting to be processed. It can hold up to 100 jobs12. Apex Flex Queue is useful for managing the execution order and priority of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Apex Jobs is a location where a developer can view the status and results of the asynchronous Apex jobs that have been processed, failed, or canceled. It can also show the progress and details of batch Apex and queueable Apex jobs3 . Apex Jobs is useful for monitoring and debugging the performance and outcome of asynchronous Apex jobs.
• Paused Flow Interviews component is a location where a developer can view and resume the paused interviews of active flows. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.
• Time-Based Workflow Monitor is a location where a developer can view and manage the pending actions of time-based workflow rules. It is not related to asynchronous or future methods.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous Apex
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Automation and Logic
• 3: Monitoring Asynchronous Apex
• : [Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging]
• : [Manage Paused Flow Interviews]
• : [Monitor Time-Based Workflow]

A trace flag is a special setting in Salesforce that captures detailed information about the execution of Apex code1. It records various events, such as the execution of Apex methods, SOQL queries, and DML operations, and writes them to a log file1. Trace flags can be configured for three types of entities: Apex classes, Apex triggers, and users2. For Apex classes and triggers, trace flags override the default logging levels and enable logging for the specified class or trigger2. For users, trace flags enable logging for all the Apex code executed by that user2. Trace flags can be set up using the Developer Console, the Tooling API, or Setup2. Flows and Visualforce pages are not valid entities for trace flags, as they are not Apex code34. References: 1 TraceFlag | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Debug Log Levels - Salesforce2, 3 Flow | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers3, 4 Visualforce | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers4

To support split shipments, a developer should add an Order_shipment_Group_c object and a master-detail field on Order_Line_c. The Order_shipment_Group_c object represents a group of order lines that share the same delivery method and destination address1. The master-detail field on Order_Line_c establishes a relationship between each order line and its corresponding order shipment group. This way, the shipping information can be stored in the Order_shipment_Group_c object instead of the Order_c object, and any number of order lines on a single order can be shipped to different locations.

References:

• OrderDeliveryGroup | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers

The correct answers are C and D because they are the minimum requirements for deploying Apex code from a sandbox to production. According to the Salesforce documentation1, “To deploy Apex or package it for the AppExchange, at least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.” Additionally, “Every test method must use the System.assert methods to verify that the expected behavior occurs.” The other options are incorrect because they are not mandatory for deployment, but rather best practices or recommendations. Deploying during business hours may not be feasible or desirable for some organizations, depending on their availability and change management processes. Having at least one line of test coverage for each trigger is not enough to ensure code quality and functionality, and may not meet the 75% code coverage requirement. References:

• Apex Testing
• Deploy Apex
• Trailhead: Apex Testing

Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven, disposable, and fully configurable. To create scratch orgs, you need to use the Salesforce CLI, which is a command-line tool that lets you interact with Salesforce orgs and perform various tasks. You can use the Salesforce CLI to create a scratch org definition file, which specifies the features and settings of the scratch org, and then run the force:org:create command to create the scratch org. You can also use the force:org:open command to open the scratch org in a browser without logging in.

References: The use of Salesforce CLI to create scratch orgs can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Salesforce DX and scratch orgs, such as:

• Get Started with Salesforce DX
• Scratch Orgs
• Develop in Scratch Orgs

The correct answer is that the trigger is getting executed multiple times. This error message indicates that the trigger has exceeded the maximum number of recursions allowed by Salesforce, which is 16. This can happen when the trigger causes an update on the same object or a related object, which in turn fires the trigger again, creating an infinite loop. To avoid this, the developer should use a static variable to control the trigger execution and prevent it from running more than once in the same transaction. References: Apex Developer Guide, Trailhead

• Bulk API is a RESTful API that allows you to load or delete large sets of data in Salesforce. It does not bypass the storage limits of your environment, but it can handle more records and run faster than other APIs12. Bulk API is useful for development, testing, and integration scenarios.
• Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes are two types of sandboxes that you can use to create and test applications in Salesforce. They have different storage limits and refresh intervals. Developer sandboxes have a 200 MB data storage limit and can be refreshed once per day. Developer Pro sandboxes have a 1 GB data storage limit and can be refreshed once every 5 days3 .
• Data import wizard is a web-based tool that you can use to import or update up to 50,000 records in Salesforce. It is not a client application, but a feature that is available in the Setup menu of Salesforce .

References:

• 1: Bulk API Developer Guide
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling and Management
• 3: Sandbox Types and Templates
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging
• : [What Is the Data Import Wizard?]
• : Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Business Logic and Process Automation

The optimal way to implement this feature is to build a flow with Flow Builder. Flow Builder is a tool that lets you automate business processes by creating flows that execute logic, interact with Salesforce, and call Apex classes. You can use Flow Builder to create a record-triggered flow that runs when an Account record is updated. In the flow, you can use a Get Records element to query the custom object based on the Postal Code field of the Account record. Then, you can use an Assignment element to assign the value of the Timezone field from the custom object record to the Timezone field of the Account record. Finally, you can use an Update Records element to save the changes to the Account record.

Option B is incorrect because an account assignment rule is used to automatically assign account owners based on criteria. It does not update other fields on the account record.

Option C is incorrect because a formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. It cannot be updated by the user or by a trigger.

Option D is incorrect because an account approval process is used to require approval from one or more users before an account record can be saved. It does not update other fields on the account record.

References: Flow Builder (Trailhead)), Record-Triggered Flows (Trailhead)), Account Assignment Rules (Salesforce Help)), Formula Fields (Salesforce Help)), Approval Processes (Salesforce Help))

The global access modifier declares that the class and method are known by all Apex code everywhere, not just within the same application or package namespace. This access modifier must be used for any method that must be referenced outside of the application, either in SOAP API or by other Apex code1. The other options are either incorrect or insufficient, as they do not guarantee the accessibility of the method outside the package namespace2. References:

• Access Modifiers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Global Modifier Accessing Public Elements in a Managed Package

• The @testSetup annotation is a way to create test data for a test class. It allows you to define a method that runs once before any test methods in the class and inserts common test data into the test context12.
• The @testSetup annotation is not supported when the GisTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation is used. The GisTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation allows a test class or method to access all data in the organization, including pre-existing data that the test didn’t create. If this annotation is used, the test setup method is skipped and no test data is inserted12.
• Test data is inserted once for all test methods in a class when the @testSetup annotation is used. This means that the test data is shared across all test methods and only counts once towards the governor limits. This can improve the performance and efficiency of the test class12.
• A method defined with the @testSetup annotation does not execute once for each test method in the test class and does not count towards system limits. It only executes once before any test methods and only counts once towards the governor limits. However, any DML operations or queries performed in the individual test methods do count towards the system limits12.

References:

• 1: Using Test Setup Methods
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging

The developer should use an external ID field to ensure the data being integrated is matched to the right records in Salesforce. An external ID field is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you integrate with an external system, you can use an external ID field to match records based on the external system’s ID, rather than the Salesforce ID. This way, you can avoid creating duplicate records or updating the wrong records. An external ID field can also be used as a relationship field to relate records to other objects. A lookup field is a relationship field that allows users to select a record from another object. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. An external object is a custom object that maps to data stored outside Salesforce, such as in an external database. These options are not relevant to matching records based on an external system’s ID. References:

• Salesforce Help: External ID Fields, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

Anonymous Apex code is Apex code that does not get stored in the metadata, but that can be compiled and executed on the fly. You can use Anonymous Apex code for various purposes, such as:

• To delete 15,000 inactive Accounts in a single transaction after a deployment: You can use Anonymous Apex code to perform bulk data operations that are not possible or convenient with the standard tools, such as Data Loader or Import Wizard. For example, you can write a SOQL query to select the inactive Accounts and then use the Database.delete method to delete them in a single transaction. This can save you time and avoid hitting the governor limits.
• To add unit test code coverage to an org: You can use Anonymous Apex code to write and run unit tests for your Apex classes and triggers, without having to save them in the metadata. This can help you increase your code coverage and ensure the quality of your code. You can also use the System.debug method to print the results of your tests in the debug log.

References: Anonymous Blocks, Executing Anonymous Apex Code, Execute Anonymous Apex

 To make a Lightning web component available for a specific page type, such as the Account record page, the developer needs to do two things: expose the component and target the page type. Exposing the component means setting the  tag to true in the component’s metadata file (statusComponent.js-meta.xml). This makes the component visible in the Lightning App Builder and other tools. Targeting the page type means adding the  tag with the appropriate value in the same metadata file. For the Account record page, the value should be lightning__RecordPage. This specifies that the component can be used on any object’s record page. The  tag is optional and defines the display name of the component in the Lightning App Builder. The  tag should not be added to the component’s JavaScript file (statusComponent.js), as this is not a valid syntax and will cause an error. References:

• Configure Components for Lightning Pages and the Lightning App Builder from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Metadata for Lightning Web Components from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components from the Salesforce Developer Center

 To display any validation rule violation to the user, the developer needs to include the apex:message component on the Visualforce page. This component displays a custom message or an exception message, depending on the value of the id attribute. If the id attribute matches the id of another component on the page, such as an input field, the apex:message component displays the validation error for that component. If the id attribute is not specified, the apex:message component displays the first exception message generated by the controller. The developer can also use the apex:messages component to display all the messages for the page, not just the first one.

Option A is incorrect because adding custom controller attributes to display the message would require additional logic and coding in the controller and the Visualforce page. Option C is incorrect because using a try/catch with a custom exception class would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather handle the exception in the controller. Option D is incorrect because performing the DML using the Database.upsert() method would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather return a list of Database.SaveResult objects that contain the success or failure status of each record.

References: apex:message | Visualforce Developer Guide, ValidationRule | Metadata API Developer Guide, How to Display Validation Rule Errors in Visualforce Page

 To create a CreditcardPayment class that provides an implementation of an existing Payment class, the developer should use the extends keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment is a subclass of Payment, and the override keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment provides a different implementation of the makePayment method than the superclass. This way, the CreditcardPayment class inherits the properties and methods of the Payment class, but can also modify or add its own behavior.

The other options are not correct because:

• B. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because the implements keyword is used to indicate that a class implements an interface, not another class. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that a class must define, but a class is a blueprint for creating objects that have properties and methods.
• C. Public class CreditCardPayment extends Payment. This option is not valid, because it does not use the override keyword to provide a different implementation of the makePayment method. Without the override keyword, the subclass would inherit the same implementation of the method as the superclass, which defeats the purpose of creating a subclass.
• D. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because it has the same problem as option B. It uses the implements keyword instead of the extends keyword, which is incorrect for creating a subclass of another class.

References:

• : Inheritance
• : Interfaces

Flow Builder is a powerful tool that lets you automate business processes by building flows. Flows are applications that can execute logic, interact with Salesforce, and guide users through screens for collecting and updating data. Flow Builder is ideal for creating guided call scripts that can branch based on user input and data values. Flow Builder can also leverage standard and custom objects, fields, and relationships to access and update data. Flow Builder does not require coding skills and can be used declaratively by admins and developers alike. References: The use of Flow Builder for creating call scripts can be referenced in Salesforce’s official documentation and learning modules, specifically under the section that covers business process automation with flows (Business Process Automation with Flows).

The correct answer is option B. Use Security.stripInaccessible to remove fields inaccessible to the current user. This method takes a list of records and an access type (READ, UPDATE, CREATE, or UPSERT) and returns a new list of records with the inaccessible fields removed. This way, the Lightning web component can display the records without throwing any errors due to field-level security.

Option A is incorrect because WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED is a SOQL clause that enforces field-level security on all fields in the query. If the query returns any fields that the user does not have access to, the query will throw an exception. This is not desirable for the Lightning web component, as it will prevent the component from displaying any records at all.

Option C is incorrect because Lightning Data Service is a layer of Lightning web components that provides access to Salesforce data and metadata, cache management, and data synchronization. However, Lightning Data Service does not automatically handle field-level security for the records it retrieves. The developer still needs to use Security.stripInaccessible or another method to remove the inaccessible fields.

Option D is incorrect because Lightning Locker Service is a security feature that isolates Lightning web components from each other and from the rest of the page. It does not enforce sharing rules or field-level security for the data that the components access.

References: Security.stripInaccessible (Apex Developer Guide)), WITH SECURITY_ENFORCED (Apex Developer Guide)), Lightning Data Service Basics (Trailhead)), Lightning Locker (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide))

 The developer should choose to use Data Loader instead of Data Import Wizard because Data Import Wizard cannot import more than 250 records at a time. Data Loader is a client application that can import up to five million records at a time, using either the user interface or the command line. Data Loader can also perform more complex operations, such as upsert, delete, and export. Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool that can import up to 50,000 records per file, but only 250 records per batch. Data Import Wizard can also perform insert, update, and upsert operations, but not delete or export. Data Loader does not run from the developer’s browser, but rather from the developer’s machine. Data Import Wizard does support Opportunities, as well as other standard and custom objects. Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts, but rather requires the developer to map the fields accordingly. References:

• Salesforce Help: Data Import Wizard vs. Data Loader, page 1
• Salesforce Help: Data Loader Overview, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify methods that can be run as invocable actions from a flow, a bot, or an NBA. There are some considerations when using this annotation in Apex, such as:

• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must define a return value, even if it is null. This is because the invocable action must return a value to the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can have only one input parameter, which can be a list of a primitive data type, a list of a specific sObject type, or a list of a generic sObject type. This is because the invocable action can accept only one input value from the flow, bot, or NBA that invokes it.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation must be declared as static, because it is not associated with a specific instance of the class that defines it. Static methods can be invoked without creating an object of the class.
• A method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be declared as either public or global, depending on the visibility of the invocable action. Public methods are visible within the same namespace, while global methods are visible across namespaces.
• Only one method using the @InvocableMethod annotation can be defined per Apex class, because each invocable action is associated with a single Apex class. Multiple invocable methods in the same class would cause ambiguity and confusion.

References: InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation

Quick Actions are the recommended way to create records with prepopulated values in Lightning Experience. They allow the developer to define the fields and values that should be populated when the user clicks the action. They also support different layouts and visibility rules for different profiles and record types. Quick Actions can be added to the page layout, the utility bar, or the global actions menu. References:

• [Quick Actions]: Learn how to create actions to automate common tasks and enhance the user experience.
• [Create Object-Specific Quick Actions]: Learn how to create quick actions that are specific to a particular object, such as creating a contact from an account.
• [Create Global Quick Actions]: Learn how to create quick actions that are not tied to a specific object, such as creating a task or logging a call.

A developer should use the Salesforce CLI to script the deployment and unit test execution as part of continuous integration. The Salesforce CLI is a powerful command line interface that simplifies development and build automation when working with your Salesforce org. You can use the Salesforce CLI to perform various tasks such as creating and deploying metadata, running Apex tests, retrieving debug logs, and managing orgs1. References:

• Salesforce CLI
• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I

The first step towards troubleshooting the issue is to check the asynchronous job monitoring page to view the job status and logs. This page shows the progress, state, and results of the batch Apex job, as well as any errors or exceptions that occurred during the execution. The developer can use this information to identify the cause of the timeout and take appropriate actions to fix it. References: Using Batch Apex, Use Batch Apex Unit, Execute a batch Apex from Developer Console

 A standard list controller provides a list of records of a specific object type, such as Contact, and allows you to create Visualforce pages that can display or act on that data1. A standard list controller is suitable for this purpose, because it can easily query the contacts owned by the current user and display them in a table or list. A standard list controller also supports pagination, sorting, filtering, and mass actions2. A standard controller provides access to a single record of a specific object type, such as Account, and is not suitable for displaying a list of records1. A lightning controller is a JavaScript controller that handles user interactions and events in a Lightning web component, and is not related to Visualforce pages3. A custom controller is an Apex class that implements all the logic for a Visualforce page, and requires writing more code than using a standard list controller1. References:

• Standard Controllers and Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Using Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

An Apex REST class is a custom class that defines methods that can be invoked via HTTP requests. The developer can use the @RestResource annotation to expose the class as a REST resource, and use the @HttpGet, @HttpPost, @HttpPut, or @HttpDelete annotations to define the methods that correspond to the HTTP verbs. The developer can also use the RestContext class to access the request and response information, such as the parameters, headers, and body. An Apex REST class can be used to integrate with an external order management system by sending and receiving JSON or XML data, and parsing and serializing it using the built-in Apex methods. The developer can then use the flow:callApex action in the flow to invoke the Apex REST class and pass the data to the screen element. An Apex REST class is different from the other options listed, as they are not suitable for this requirement. An Apex controller is a class that provides logic and data for a Visualforce page or a Lightning component, not a flow. An outbound message is a message that is sent from Salesforce to an external system when a workflow rule is triggered, not when a flow is executed. An invocable method is a method that is annotated with @InvocableMethod and can be called from a process, a flow, or a REST API, but it cannot make HTTP requests to an external system. References:

• Apex REST Methods from the Apex Developer Guide
• Call Apex from Flow from the Salesforce Help
• Integrate with External Systems Using Apex REST Services from the Salesforce Trailhead

 To calculate the estimated ship date for an Order, the best method is to use a Max Roll-Up Summary field on the Latest availability date fields. A Roll-Up Summary field calculates values from related records, such as the sum, minimum, maximum, or count of a field1. By using a Max Roll-Up Summary field on the Latest availability date fields, the Order record can display the latest date among all the Line Items, which is the earliest date that the Order can be shipped.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Use a CEILING formula on each of the Latest availability date fields. This option is not valid, because a CEILING formula rounds a number up to the nearest integer2. This does not help to calculate the estimated ship date for an Order, as it does not compare the dates of the Line Items or display the result on the Order record.
• B. Use a DAYS formula on each of the availability date fields and a COUNT Roll-Up Summary field on the Order. This option is not valid, because a DAYS formula returns the number of days between two dates2. This does not help to calculate the estimated ship date for an Order, as it does not account for the latest date among the Line Items or display the result on the Order record. A COUNT Roll-Up Summary field only counts the number of related records, not the values of a field1.
• C. Use a LATEST formula on each of the latest availability date fields. This option is not valid, because there is no such formula function as LATEST in Salesforce2. Even if there was, it would not help to calculate the estimated ship date for an Order, as it would not display the result on the Order record.

References:

• : Roll-Up Summary Fields
• : Formula Operators and Functions

 A lookup field creates a relationship that links one object to another object. The relationship field allows users to click a lookup icon to select a value from a popup list. The other object is the source of the values in the list1. In this case, the developer should add a lookup field on the Account object to the Global Address object, so that multiple Accounts can share the same Global Address as their default pickup address. This way, the Global Address object can store the common address information for different Accounts, and the Account object can reference the Global Address object via the lookup field. A master-detail field creates a parent-child relationship between two objects, where the master object controls certain behaviors of the detail object. The detail object inherits the sharing and security settings of its master object2. In this case, a master-detail field is not suitable, because the Global Address object should not be dependent on the Account object, or vice versa. The Global Address object should be able to exist independently of the Account object, and the Account object should be able to have multiple Global Address records associated with it. References:

• Object Relationships Overview | Salesforce Help
• Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help

 A Full Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a complete duplicate copy of the production org, including all the data and configuration. A Full Sandbox is useful for testing and development purposes, as it allows the developer to perform any changes or operations without affecting the production org. A Full Sandbox also supports performance testing, load testing, and staging1.

The other options are not correct because:

• A Developer Pro Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration (metadata) and some data. A Developer Pro Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 1 GB of data1.
• A Partial Copy Sandbox is a type of sandbox that has a copy of the production org’s configuration and a sample of the data. A Partial Copy Sandbox is limited by storage space and can only hold up to 5 GB of data. The data is selected based on a sandbox template that defines the objects and records to include1.
• A Production org is not a duplicate copy of itself, but the original org where the live data and processes are stored. A Production org is not meant for testing or development purposes, as any changes or operations can affect the users and the business2.

References:

• 1: Sandbox Types and Templates
• 2: Salesforce Environments

Change sets are the native way to move metadata customizations between sandboxes and your production environment1. They have the following characteristics:

• Change sets can only be used between related organizations, such as those that are linked by a deployment connection2. You cannot use change sets to deploy metadata to unrelated organizations, such as those belonging to different customers.
• Change sets can only deploy metadata, not data. You cannot use change sets to transfer records, such as accounts, contacts, or custom objects records, from one organization to another2. To move data between organizations, you need to use a data loader tool or an API.
• Sending a change set between two orgs requires a deployment connection to be established between the source and the target org2. The deployment connection allows the source org to upload outbound change sets and the target org to receive inbound change sets. The target org can then deploy the change set to apply the metadata changes.
• Change sets can deploy custom settings data only if the custom settings are defined as hierarchy and not list. Also, the custom settings data can only be deployed to other sandboxes, not to production3.
• Deployment is done in a one-way, single transaction. The source org sends the change set to the target org, but the target org does not send any confirmation or feedback to the source org. The deployment is either successful or fails as a whole, and it cannot be undone2. References:
• Everything You Need to Know About Salesforce Change Sets
• Deployments by using change sets - Salesforce Tutorial
• Using Change Sets To Deploy Apex - Salesforce Developers

 In Salesforce, the sharing rules are always enforced for the running user if not explicitly stated otherwise. The running user’s permissions and field-level security are always enforced, regardless of whether the class is defined with or without sharing. So in this case, since there is no explicit sharing declaration in the provided code snippet, it defaults to enforcing the sharing rules for the running user. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using the with sharing, without sharing, and inherited sharing Keywords
• Trailhead: Apex Sharing and Security

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

The best way to implement this feature is to use an Account custom trigger. A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted1. In this case, the trigger should execute before an Account record is updated and check if the Postal Code field has changed. If so, the trigger should query the postalCodeToTimezone_c custom object to find the matching Timezone value and assign it to the custom Account text field named Timezone. This way, the Timezone field will be updated automatically based on the Postal Code field.

An Account approval process is not suitable for this feature, as it is used to automate the process of approving records based on predefined criteria and actions2. An Account assignment rule is also not suitable, as it is used to assign ownership of Account records to users or queues based on criteria3. An Account workflow rule is not suitable either, as it is used to automate tasks, email alerts, field updates, and outbound messages based on criteria and evaluation rules4. None of these options can update the Timezone field based on the values in a custom object.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Triggers
• Salesforce Help - Approval Processes
• Salesforce Help - Assignment Rules
• Salesforce Help - Workflow Rules

The error occurs because the code is not bulkified, meaning it doesn’t efficiently handle more than one record at a time. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records you can process to ensure that no single operation consumes too many resources. In this case:

• Option C: Moving the DML that saves opportunities outside of the for loop will help in bulkifying the code to handle multiple records efficiently without hitting governor limits.
• Option D: Querying for existing opportunities outside of the for loop will also contribute to making sure that the code is bulkified and efficient.

References: Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1

The developer can update the method to prevent a SOQL injection attack by using variable binding and replacing the dynamic query with a static SOQL, or by using the escapeSingleQuote method to sanitize the parameter before its use. These are two ways to avoid concatenating user input directly into the query string, which can allow malicious input to alter the query logic and expose sensitive data. For example, the developer can rewrite the method as follows:

// Using variable binding and static SOQL List performSearch(String lastName){ String queryName = ‘%’ + lastName + ‘%’; return [SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName FROM Contact WHERE LastName LIKE :queryName]; }

// Using escapeSingleQuote method List performSearch(String lastName){ String sanitizedLastName = String.escapeSingleQuotes(lastName); return Database.query(‘SELECT Id, FirstName, LastName FROM Contact WHERE LastName LIKE '%’ + sanitizedLastName + ‘%'’); }

Using a regular expression on the parameter to remove special characters is not a reliable way to prevent a SOQL injection attack, because it may not cover all possible scenarios and may also remove valid input. Using the @Readonly annotation and the with sharing keyword on the class is not relevant to the SOQL injection issue, because they affect the data access and performance of the class, not the security of the query.

References: SOQL Injection, Invoking Callouts Using Apex, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

An Assignment Flow element is a logic element that allows you to set values in variables, collection variables, record variables, record collection variables, and global variables1. You can use an Assignment Flow element to assign the support representative name to the custom field on the Case object based on the case origin. This way, you can automate the case assignment process without writing any code or using any formula. A trigger, a formula field, and a validation rule are not the best solutions for this scenario, as they either require code, are not dynamic, or do not change the field value. References: 1: Flow Element: Assignment - Salesforce

Aura Components and Lightning Web Components are two technologies that are built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Both technologies are part of the Lightning Component Framework, which is a modern UI framework for developing dynamic web apps for mobile and desktop devices. The Lightning Component Framework uses standard web technologies, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Web Components, to create reusable and interoperable components that can adapt to different screen sizes, devices, and orientations. The framework also provides features such as data binding, event handling, state management, and server-side integration, to enable developers to create rich and interactive user interfaces.

Aura Components are the original technology for creating Lightning components. They use a custom XML-based markup language, Aura, to define the component structure and behavior. Aura Components can respond to touch events using the ui:input component, which provides a generic input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The ui:input component also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the ontouchstart, ontouchend, ontouchmove, and ontouchcancel attributes. Aura Components are stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Lightning Web Components are the newer technology for creating Lightning components. They use standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to define the component structure and behavior. Lightning Web Components can respond to touch events using the standard HTML input element, which provides a native input element that can handle different input types, such as text, number, date, checkbox, radio, toggle, and email. The input element also supports touch gestures, such as swipe, tap, and pinch, by using the standard touch event listeners, such as touchstart, touchend, touchmove, and touchcancel. Lightning Web Components are also stateful, meaning that they maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server only when necessary. This reduces the network traffic and improves the performance and user experience.

Visualforce Components and Visualforce Pages are two technologies that are not built on a framework that fully supports the business requirement of building a responsive application capable of responding to touch events, that will be executed on stateful clients. Visualforce Components are reusable UI elements that can be used in Visualforce Pages. Visualforce Pages are web pages that can display and interact with Salesforce data and logic. Visualforce Components and Pages use a custom XML-based markup language, Visualforce, to define the UI elements and behavior. Visualforce Components and Pages can be made responsive by using the Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS), which is a collection of design guidelines, components, and resources that enable developers to create consistent and beautiful user interfaces across devices. However, Visualforce Components and Pages do not have native support for touch events, and require custom JavaScript code to handle them. Visualforce Components and Pages are also stateless, meaning that they do not maintain their state on the client-side and communicate with the server on every request. This increases the network traffic and affects the performance and user experience.

References:

• Lightning Component Framework
• Aura Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Visualforce Developer Guide
• Salesforce Lightning Design System

Debug logs are used to track events that occur in an org, such as database operations, Apex code execution, workflow processes, and API calls. Debug logs have different categories, levels, and filters that determine what information is logged and how much detail is included. Some of the statements about debug logs are:

• Debug log levels are cumulative, where FINE log level includes all events logged at the DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels. This means that setting a higher log level for a category will also log the events from the lower levels. For example, if the log level for Apex Code is FINE, then the debug log will include log messages generated by DML statements, inline SOQL or SOSL queries, the start and completion of any triggers, and the start and completion of any test method.
• The maximum size of a debug log is 5 MB. Debug logs that are larger than 5 MB are reduced in size by removing older log lines, such as log lines for earlier System.debug statements. The log lines can be removed from any location, not just the start of the debug log.
• System debug logs are retained for 24 hours. Monitoring debug logs are retained for seven days. System debug logs are generated when you have active user-based trace flags, when you run Apex tests, and when executed code or API requests include debugging parameters or headers. Monitoring debug logs are generated when you set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers.

The other statements are not accurate because:

• Only the 20 most recent debug logs for a user are kept. This is not true, because the number of debug logs that are kept for a user depends on the log size and the retention period. For example, if a user has 10 debug logs that are each 1 MB in size, and another user has 10 debug logs that are each 500 KB in size, then the first user will have more debug logs retained than the second user, even if they both generated the same number of logs.
• Debug logs can be set for specific users, classes, and triggers. This is partially true, but not entirely. You can set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers, but you cannot set debug log levels for them. Debug log levels are set at the org level, and they apply to all debug logs that are generated in the org.

References:

• : Debug Log Levels and Filters
• : Debug Log Size and Retention
• : Set Debug Log Filters

The result of the following code is that the record will not be created and an exception will be thrown. This is because the code is trying to insert a record with a null value for a required field, which violates the database constraints and causes a DMLException1. The code does not handle the exception with a try-catch block, so the exception will propagate to the caller and terminate the execution2. The debug log will show the exception message and stack trace, but the record will not be inserted in the database.

Java

Account a = new Account();

a.Name = null;

insert a;

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

The other options are incorrect. Option B is incorrect because the record will not be created and the debug log will show an exception, not a message. Option C is incorrect because the record will not be created and an error will be reported as an exception. Option D is incorrect because the record will not be created and an error will be reported as an exception. References:

• DMLException Class | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Exception Handling | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct answer is option C, which is the upsert statement. In Salesforce, when you have a custom object and want to insert new records and update existing ones using an external ID field, you use the upsert DML operation. The upsert statement either inserts or updates sObject records based on the value of a specified unique external ID field. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in data modeling and management, as well as Apex programming basics where DML operations are discussed. Salesforce DML Operations

 To satisfy the requirements, a developer should implement a flow and an invocable method. A flow is a declarative tool that allows you to automate business processes by collecting data and performing actions in your org or an external system1. An invocable method is a method that can be called by a flow, a process, or another Apex method2. By using a flow and an invocable method, the developer can achieve the following steps:

• Create a flow that guides the sales rep through the scripted steps with each new customer they create1.
• In the flow, use an Apex action to invoke an invocable method that calls the REST endpoint of UC’s ERP system and passes the customer information as a parameter23.
• In the invocable method, use the HttpRequest and HttpResponse classes to send a GET request to the REST endpoint and receive a response that contains the customer data4.
• In the invocable method, parse the response body and return the customer data as an output parameter to the flow24.
• In the flow, use a screen element to display the customer data to the sales rep if the customer exists in the ERP system1.

Using a future method or a trigger are not effective ways to satisfy the requirements. A future method is a method that runs in the background, asynchronously, after the current transaction finishes5. A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. Neither of these options can interact with the flow or the sales rep, and they are not suitable for calling a REST endpoint that requires a synchronous response5 . References: 1 Automate Your Business Processes with Flows | Salesforce Trailhead1, 2 InvocableMethod Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers2, 3 Call Apex Code from a Flow | Salesforce Trailhead3, 4 Apex REST Callouts | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers4, 5 Asynchronous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers5, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 A developer can use a validation rule or a trigger to prevent Opportunities from being edited when they reach the Closed/Won stage. A validation rule can check the stage value and display an error message if the user tries to modify the record. A trigger can also check the stage value and throw an exception if the user tries to update the record. Both of these strategies can enforce the business logic at the database level and prevent unwanted changes.

An after-save flow or the Process Automation settings are not suitable for this requirement, because they are executed after the record is saved to the database. They can perform actions based on the record changes, but they cannot prevent the record from being edited in the first place.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules (Salesforce Help)
• 2: Triggers (Apex Developer Guide)
• 3: Run Flows After a Record Is Saved (Lightning Flow Developer Guide)
• 4: Process Automation Settings (Salesforce Help)

• Validation Rules. This is true because validation rules are a declarative way of enforcing data quality and business logic on the Salesforce objects. Validation rules can prevent users from saving records that do not meet certain criteria, such as required fields, unique values, or custom formulas1.
• Record-Triggered Flow. This is true because record-triggered flows are a declarative way of automating business processes and logic on the Salesforce objects. Record-triggered flows can perform actions such as creating, updating, or deleting records, sending emails, or calling Apex classes when a record is created, updated, or deleted2.
• Remote Actions. This is false because remote actions are a programmatic way of invoking Apex methods from Visualforce pages or Lightning components. Remote actions require writing Apex code and using the @RemoteAction annotation to expose the methods to the client-side3.
• Batch Jobs. This is false because batch jobs are a programmatic way of processing large sets of data or records in batches using Apex. Batch jobs require writing Apex code and implementing the Database.Batchable interface to define the start, execute, and finish methods of the job.

References:

• 1: Validation Rules
• 2: Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Remote Actions
• : Batch Jobs

Outbound messages are a way of sending information from Salesforce to external systems or applications in real-time when certain criteria or conditions are met. Outbound messages are sent as SOAP messages and can include fields from the record that triggered them. Outbound messages can be configured from Setup and do not require Apex code. Outbound messages can be associated with different automation tools in Salesforce, such as:

• Approval Process: This is a way of automating the approval of records based on predefined steps and actions. Approval processes can send outbound messages as part of the approval actions when the record meets the entry criteria and approval criteria.
• Workflow: This is a way of automating tasks and actions based on certain rules and criteria. Workflow rules can send outbound messages as part of the workflow actions when the record meets the rule criteria.
• Process Builder: This is a way of creating complex business processes and logic using a graphical interface. Process builder can send outbound messages as part of the process actions when the record meets the criteria node.

References:

• Setting Up Outbound Messaging (1)
• Outbound Message in Salesforce: Comprehensive Guide (2)
• Outbound Message Actions - Salesforce (3)

SOSL and SOQL are two different types of search languages in Salesforce. SOSL is a programmatic way of performing a text-based search against the search index, while SOQL is the equivalent of a SELECT SQL statement and searches the org database1. The developer should consider the following factors when deciding between SOQL and SOSL2:

• The number of records to be returned: SOSL can return up to 2,000 records from multiple objects, while SOQL can return up to 50,000 records from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The speed of text searches: SOSL is generally faster than SOQL for text searches, especially if the search expression uses a CONTAINS term. SOSL can tokenize multiple terms within a field and build a search index from this, which makes SOSL searches more efficient and relevant1.
• The knowledge of the object or field: SOSL is useful when the developer does not know which object or field the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data for a specific term across multiple objects and fields. SOQL is useful when the developer knows which objects the data resides in, and wants to retrieve data from a single object or from multiple objects that are related to one another1.
• The type of data to be retrieved: SOSL supports text, email, and phone fields, and can retrieve data that is in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or Thai. SOQL supports number, date, or checkbox fields, and can retrieve data from big objects1. References:
• Introduction to SOQL and SOSL | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Difference between SOSL and SOQL search types - Salesforce

To check the code coverage of a class after running all tests, the developer should view the code coverage percentage for the class using the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console Tests tab. This panel shows the code coverage for each class and trigger in the org, as well as the overall code coverage percentage. The developer can also double-click on a class or trigger name to see the code coverage details, such as which lines are covered or not covered by tests.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. View the Code Coverage column in the list view on the Apex Classes page. This option only shows the code coverage percentage for each class, but not the details of which lines are covered or not covered by tests. It also does not show the code coverage for triggers or the overall code coverage percentage.
• B. View the Class Test Percentage tab on the Apex Class fist view m Salesforce Setup. This option does not exist in Salesforce Setup. There is no such tab or view for Apex classes.
• D. Select and run the class on the Apex Test Execution page in the Developer Console. This option only runs the test methods in the selected class, but does not show the code coverage for the class or other classes and triggers in the org.

References:

• : Testing and Code Coverage
• : Developer Console

The Create Records element allows you to create one or more new records of a specific object type in a Flow1. In this case, the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. The other options are either incorrect or unnecessary, as they do not create a new record or assign its ID to another record23. References:

• Create Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers
• Get Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers
• Update Records | Flow Builder | Salesforce Developers

The Lead Source field is a standard picklist field that indicates the source of the lead, such as web, phone inquiry, partner referral, and others1. The Lead Source field is related to the contact, account, and opportunity Source fields, and the value can be inherited from one field to the next as a lead progresses through the funnel2. To ensure that a user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead, the best option is to use a validation rule. A validation rule is a formula that evaluates the data in one or more fields and returns a value of true or false3. Validation rules verify that the data a user enters in a record meets the standards you specify before the user can save the record3. By creating a validation rule on the Lead object that checks if the Lead Source field is blank, you can prevent the user from converting the lead without filling in the Lead Source field. You can also display a custom error message to inform the user of the requirement3. For example, the validation rule formula could be:

ISBLANK(LeadSource)

And the error message could be:

Please enter a value for Lead Source before converting the lead.

Using a formula field, Lead Conversion field mapping, or an after trigger on Lead are not effective ways to ensure that the user populates the Lead Source field prior to converting a lead. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression you define. It cannot be edited by the user and cannot enforce data entry. Lead Conversion field mapping is a way to specify how fields in the lead record are transferred to the fields in the contact, account, and opportunity records during lead conversion. It cannot prevent the user from converting the lead without entering the Lead Source field. An after trigger on Lead is a piece of Apex code that executes after a lead record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. It cannot validate the data entered by the user before the lead conversion occurs. References: 1 Lead | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Let’s Talk About Salesforce Lead Source | Salesforce Ben2, 3 Validation Rules | Salesforce Help3, Formula Field | Salesforce Field Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers, Map Lead Fields for Lead Conversion | Salesforce Help, Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct implementation is option D, where the trigger is set to execute before the insertion of a Request__c record. It calls the validateRecords method from the RequestLogic class to check if certain conditions are met before allowing the creation of a new record. This ensures that validation occurs prior to record insertion, preventing the creation of records that do not meet specified conditions. References: The explanation can be inferred from knowledge on triggers and their execution context as per Salesforce developer documentation and learning materials available on [Trailhead](1(https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/apex_triggers%29.

The code snippet provided in the image is a Salesforce Apex code that is used to create new accounts in a Salesforce org. Initially, there are five existing accounts. In the provided Apex code, one account named ‘MyAccount’ is created and inserted into the org, making the total six accounts. Then, a loop is executed to create and add ten more new accounts (named ‘New Account 1’ to ‘New Account 10’) into the org using a do-while loop that runs while x is less than 10 (starting from x=1). So, after executing this code, there will be an additional eleven accounts added to the initial five accounts making it a total of fifteen (5 initial + 11 new = 16) accounts in the org. References: The explanation can be corroborated with knowledge of Apex programming on Salesforce’s official learning platform Trailhead and related documentation.

• [Apex Basics for Admins]
• [Apex Developer Guide]
• [Developer Console]

When Apex code executes inside the execute() method of an Apex class that implements the Batchable interface, the following statements are true regarding governor limits:

• The Apex governor limits might be higher due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. Asynchronous Apex, such as Batch Apex, runs in a separate thread from the main execution and can have higher limits for some resources, such as heap size and CPU time12. For example, the maximum heap size for synchronous Apex is 6 MB, while for asynchronous Apex it is 12 MB1.
• The Apex governor limits are reset for each iteration of the execute() method. Each execution of a batch Apex job is considered a discrete transaction, and the governor limits are reset for each transaction12. For example, a batch Apex job that contains 1,000 records and is executed without the optional scope parameter from Database.executeBatch is considered five transactions of 200 records each1.

The other statements are not true because:

• The Apex governor limits are relaxed while calling the constructor of the Apex class. This statement is false, because the constructor of the Apex class is executed in the same context as the caller of the Database.executeBatch method, and the same governor limits apply2. For example, if the constructor is called from a trigger, the trigger governor limits are enforced2.
• The Apex governor limits cannot be exceeded due to the asynchronous nature of the transaction. This statement is false, because the asynchronous nature of the transaction does not prevent the Apex governor limits from being exceeded. If some Apex code exceeds a limit, the associated governor issues a runtime exception that can’t be handled1. For example, if the execute() method performs more than 200 SOQL queries, the Too many SOQL queries exception is thrown1.

References:

• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Using Batch Apex

 Validation rules and record-triggered flows are two declarative options for building out the business logic layer of a Salesforce application. Validation rules allow the developer to define criteria and error messages to prevent invalid data from being saved1. Record-triggered flows allow the developer to automate actions based on changes in records, such as creating, updating, or deleting related records2. Both of these options can be configured and maintained by a Salesforce administrator without writing code. References:

• Validation Rules, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

The Test.loadData < > method inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects1. The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see “Defining Static Resources” in the Salesforce online help2. This method is useful for creating test data with specific field values without writing code. The other options are either incorrect or less efficient for this purpose. Anonymous Apex is a way to execute Apex code on demand in the Developer Console, but it is not a recommended way to create test data, as it is not part of the test class and may affect the org data3. SOQL is a query language that can retrieve data from the org, but it cannot create new data. Also, using SOQL to access existing data in a test class requires the @IsTest (SeeAllData=true) annotation, which is not a best practice, as it may cause test failures or unpredictable results4. Test.loadData does not support JSON files, only CSV files1. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Defining Static Resources | Salesforce Help
• Anonymous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct statement is D, because it uses the SOSL syntax to search for the phrase ‘ACME’ in all fields of the Contact and Lead objects, and returns a list of sObjects that match the criteria. The other statements are incorrect because:

• A uses the SOQL syntax, which can only query one object at a time, and the LIKE operator requires a wildcard character (%) before and after the search term.
• B uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a list of lists of sObjects, which is not the expected output.
• C uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a map of sObjects, which is not the expected output. References:
• SOSL Syntax - Salesforce
• SOSL Statements - Salesforce
• SOQL and SOSL Reference - Salesforce

You can render any page as a PDF by adding the renderAs attribute to the  component, and specifying "pdf" as the rendering service1. For example: . You can also use the PageReference.getContentAsPDF() method in Apex to render a Visualforce page as PDF data, and then use Apex code to convert that PDF data to an email attachment, a document, a Chatter post, and so on2. References:

• 1: Render a Visualforce Page as a PDF File | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Render a Visualforce Page as PDF from Apex | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

 The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify a method in an Apex class that can be called from a flow, a bot, or an NBA strategy. It is a helpful annotation to provide a seamless admin-friendly way to call the Apex code using simple flows. Invoking Apex from flow is a significant option for providing design patterns that can solve many business problems while also providing great user experience. The other annotations are not suitable for this scenario, as they have different purposes and limitations. For example, the @future annotation is used to execute a method asynchronously, the @RemoteAction annotation is used to expose a method to a Visualforce page, and the @AuraEnabled annotation is used to enable a method to be called from a Lightning web component or an Aura component. References: Annotations, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, Salesforce Flow

A screen-based flow is a type of flow that allows you to create a guided, visual experience for users to collect and update data, execute logic, call Apex classes, and more. Screen-based flows are ideal for creating interactive processes that require user input and feedback, such as the scenario of processing damaged or stolen credit cards. A screen-based flow can be embedded in a Lightning page, a Visualforce page, a utility bar, or a custom tab, and can be launched from various places, such as a button, a link, a Lightning component, or a process. A screen-based flow can also leverage standard and custom objects, variables, formulas, and other elements to create dynamic and complex business logic. References: Screen-Based Flows Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Exam Guide, page 7.

The merge method is an Apex Data Manipulation Language (DML) operation that allows you to combine up to three records of the same sObject type into one of the records, known as the master record. The merge method deletes the other records, known as the victim records, and reparents any related records to the master record. The merge method has the following characteristics:

• Merge is supported with accounts, contacts, cases, and leads: The merge method can only be used with these four standard sObject types. You cannot use the merge method with custom objects or other standard objects.
• The merge method allows up to three records, including the master and two additional records with the same sObject type, to be merged into the master record: The merge method takes an array of sObject records as the input parameter, where the first record is the master record and the rest are the victim records. The merge method can merge up to three records of the same sObject type into the master record. If you want to merge more than three records, you need to call the merge method multiple times.

The other statements are not valid considerations when using the merge method:

• The field values on the master record are overwritten by the records being merged: This is not true. The field values on the master record are not overwritten by the victim records, unless you explicitly specify the field names and values in the master record before calling the merge method. By default, the merge method preserves the field values of the master record and discards the field values of the victim records.
• External ID fields can be used with the merge method: This is not true. The merge method does not support external ID fields as input parameters. You need to use the record IDs of the sObject records to perform the merge operation.

References: Merging Records, merge method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

Fast field updates record-triggered flow and account trigger are two automation tools that can be used to implement the feature of updating the Timezone field based on the postal code. A fast field update is a type of flow action that can update one or more fields on a record without using any Apex code1. A record-triggered flow can be configured to run when a record is created or updated, and can perform actions such as fast field updates, invocable actions, or subflows2. An account trigger is a piece of Apex code that can execute before or after an account record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, and can perform complex logic or callouts to external services3. Both of these tools can access the PostalCodeToTimezone_c custom object and update the Timezone field accordingly. References:

• Fast Field Updates, Trailhead module
• Record-Triggered Automation, Trailhead module
• Apex Triggers, Trailhead module

 Scratch orgs are short-term Salesforce environments that you can spin up to work on a feature. They are source-driven and disposable, meaning you can create and delete them as needed. They are fully configurable, allowing you to emulate different Salesforce editions with different features and settings. You can also install packages and deploy synthetic or dummy data for testing. Scratch orgs are ideal for developing in a source-driven way, as they enable source tracking, which keeps your local source files and the metadata in your org in sync. You can use Salesforce CLI or an IDE to create, open, and manage scratch orgs. Scratch orgs are different from other types of Salesforce orgs, such as Developer sandboxes, Full Copy sandboxes, and Developer orgs, which are long-term, persistent, and not source-driven. References:

• Scratch Orgs from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide
• Develop in Scratch Orgs from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Manage Scratch Orgs from the Dev Hub Org from the Salesforce DX Developer Guide

 Developer Edition orgs are free, fully-featured copies of Salesforce that are designed for developers to create and test applications. They have the same configuration as the production org, but with limited data and file storage. Developer Edition orgs are ideal for individual developers or small teams who want to work in their own orgs that are isolated from each other. Full Sandbox orgs are also copies of the production org, but they require a paid license and have a refresh interval of 29 days. Partner Developer Edition orgs are similar to Developer Edition orgs, but they have higher limits on data and file storage, as well as the number of custom objects and tabs. They are available only to Salesforce partners who are enrolled in the Partner Program. Developer Sandbox orgs are copies of the production org metadata, but they have very limited data and file storage, and a refresh interval of one day. They are useful for coding and testing in a disposable environment, but not for developing complex applications that require more resources. References:

• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I
• [Developer Edition Orgs | Salesforce Trailhead]
• [Sandbox Types and Templates | Salesforce Trailhead]

 The method must be decorated with @AuraEnabled to make it accessible from a Lightning web component. The @AuraEnabled annotation enables client- and server-side access to an Apex controller method. Without this annotation, the Lightning web component can’t call the Apex method. The cacheable=true attribute is optional and indicates whether the method can be cached by the client. The method can return any data type that can be serialized into JSON, such as a JSON object, a JSON array, a primitive type, or a custom type. The method does not need to return a string of a serialized JSON array, as the framework handles the serialization and deserialization automatically. References:

• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide: Call Apex Methods, pages 1-2
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation AuraEnabled, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Lightning Web Components, unit 5

A developer can execute tests in an org using the Tooling API or the Developer Console. The Tooling API allows developers to run tests programmatically by making REST or SOAP calls1. The Developer Console is a web-based tool that provides a user interface for running tests, viewing test results, and debugging code2. The Bulk API and the Metadata API are not used for executing tests, but for loading and managing large sets of data and metadata respectively3 .

References:

• Apex Developer Guide - Run Unit Test Methods
• Salesforce Help - Developer Console
• Salesforce Developer - Bulk API
• Salesforce Developer - Metadata API

The @TestSetup annotation is used to create records for every method in the test class. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the class. The test setup method runs only once before any test methods in the class. This reduces the need to create the same records for every test method and improves the performance of the test class. The @BeforeTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. The @isTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation is used to grant test classes and methods access to all data in the organization, not to create records. The @PreTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. References: IsTest Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, How to Write a Test Class in Salesforce? The Salesforce Developer Guide …, IsTest Annotation in Salesforce - Automation Champion

• SVG resources, content asset files, and static resources are three Salesforce resources that can be accessed from a Lightning web component. They are used to store and display images, icons, fonts, stylesheets, JavaScript libraries, and other files that are required by the component12.
• SVG resources are Scalable Vector Graphics files that can be used to create and display icons and images in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/resourceUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Content asset files are files that are uploaded to the Salesforce Content Library and can be used to store and display images and other media in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/contentAssetUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Static resources are files or archives that are uploaded to the Static Resources page in Salesforce Setup and can be used to store and access stylesheets, JavaScript libraries, fonts, and other files in a Lightning web component. They can be referenced by using the @salesforce/resourceUrl import in the JavaScript file of the component12.
• Third-party web components and all external libraries are not Salesforce resources that can be accessed from a Lightning web component. They are not supported or recommended by Salesforce for security and performance reasons12.
• Third-party web components are web components that are created by other vendors or developers and are not part of the Lightning web components framework. They may not follow the same standards, specifications, or best practices as Lightning web components and may introduce security risks or compatibility issues12.
• All external libraries are JavaScript libraries that are hosted on external servers or CDNs and are not part of the Salesforce platform. They may not be compatible with the Lightning web components framework or the Locker Service, which enforces strict security policies and restrictions on the code execution and access12.

References:

• 1: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: User Interface

The Apex method that is wired to the searchResults property should be defined as a static method with the @AuraEnabled(cacheable=true) annotation. This annotation enables the method to be called from the Lightning component and also allows the method to be cached by the Lightning Data Service. Caching the method improves the performance and user experience of the component, as it reduces the number of server requests and displays the data faster. The cacheable attribute should be set to true only for methods that return data that does not change frequently or does not depend on the user context. The term parameter should be used to filter the Opportunities based on the user input. References: Call Apex Methods, Improve Performance with Storable Actions, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential