1z0-1093-25 Oracle Cloud Database Services 2025 Professional Questions and Answers

Responsibility of DBA:

Before upgrading the Oracle Database software on aBaseDB VM system, the DBA must verify that theunderlying operating system versionis compatible with the new database software version. This is crucial because Oracle Database upgrades may introduce new requirements or dependencies.

The DBA needs to check theOracle Database Upgrade Guideand theOracle Validated Configurationsto ensure compatibility. Upgrading without this validation could lead to compatibility issues, failed upgrades, or reduced performance.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:OCI manages the infrastructure, but the DBA must ensure compatibility.

C:While OCI manages the OS patching, ensuring compatibility is still a DBA responsibility.

D:OS updates should be addressed before the database upgrade, not afterward.

C. Intelligent Storage Capabilities:

The Exadata Storage Server Software enhances data processing at the storage layer.

Key features include:

Smart Scan:Offloads SQL processing to storage.

Compression:Reduces data size and improves I/O efficiency.

Encryption:Protects data at rest.

This software significantly boosts database performance by reducing data transfer to the compute nodes.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. VM management:Handled by OCI infrastructure.

B. OS and management software:Not related to Exadata Storage Server Software.

D. Load balancing:Handled by Oracle RAC or OCI load balancers.

C. OCI Object Storage:

The primary storage service for database backups within OCI.

Offers high durability, availability, and scalability.

Integrated with Oracle's automated backup solutions for BaseDB.

Suitable for both short-term and long-term storage of database backups.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. OCI Block Volume:Used for primary database storage, not long-term backups.

B. OCI File Storage:Typically used for file system-based workloads, not for database backups.

D. OCI Archive Storage:Suitable for long-term archival but not the primary backup destination.

E. OCI Data Transfer Service:Used for bulk data migration into OCI, not for backup storage.

Exadata Smart Scan:

This technology is a core feature of Exadata storage servers. It allows the storage servers to perform data filtering, projection, and other processing tasks directly within the storage tier before sending the results to the database compute nodes. This significantly reduces the amount of data transferred over the network, leading to improved query performance.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Oracle Data Guard:Used for disaster recovery and high availability, not for in-storage processing.

C. Oracle Active Data Guard:Allows read-only access to a standby database, but doesn’t provide in-storage processing.

D. Exadata Smart Flash Cache:Used for caching frequently accessed data in flash memory to improve I/O performance. While it enhances performance, it does not provide intelligent data offloading and processing within the storage tier.

Scaling Out:

Scaling out in Exadata means increasing thenumber of database server VMs and storage serversto handle a larger workload. This is achieved byadding more compute nodesand storage cells, allowing the system todistribute database processingacross multiple nodes.

This horizontal scalability is ideal for environments with fluctuating workloads or growing data volumes. It improvesquery performance and fault tolerancesince data and workload are distributed across more hardware resources.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Increasing CPU cores within a single VM is consideredscaling up.

C:Upgrading the database software version is unrelated to scaling.

D:Increasing RAM is also a form of scaling up, not scaling out.

A:Exadata VM Clusters can be managed independently from the Exadata Infrastructure. This means you can start or stop the cluster without affecting the infrastructure, which provides flexibility for maintenance and performance tuning.

E:The VM Cluster can be terminated without impacting the Exadata Infrastructure. This feature is useful when you want to reassign the infrastructure resources to a new or different cluster.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B:While some adjustments might not need a reboot, core count scaling often requires restarting.

C:Patching the infrastructure and the VM Cluster are separate processes.

D:Changing the infrastructure shape does not automatically adjust VM Cluster resources. Manual reconfiguration is needed.

B. Network Security Groups (NSGs) for traffic control:

NSGs allow customers to defineingress and egress rulesto control network traffic.

Enhances security by restricting access to only authorized IP ranges and protocols.

Applied at theVM Clusterlevel to manage connectivity efficiently.

E. Responsibility for OS and database security:

While Oracle manages the infrastructure layer, customers are responsible for securing theoperating system and databasewithin the VM Clusters.

This includes applying security patches, configuring firewalls, and implementing user access controls.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Host-based firewalls on Exadata Infrastructure:Oracle, not the customer, configures the infrastructure-level security.

C. Oracle managing all security:Incorrect, as customers manage VM-level security.

D. Access to hypervisor:Customers do not have hypervisor-level access for security configuration.

A. Execute ADDM (Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor) analysis on a historical workload:

Performance Hub allows users to analyze performance data collected over time.

ADDM analysis provides insights into performance bottlenecks and recommendations for tuning.

C. Identify blocking sessions that are impacting database performance:

Performance Hub helps identify active blocking sessions, enabling quick resolution of performance issues.

It provides real-time and historical data for better troubleshooting.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Modify database parameters:Performance Hub does not have the ability to change database configurations directly.

D. Upgrade the database:Upgrades are managed through other tools, such as Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA).

A. Secure Communication Channel:

The Oracle Management Agent acts as a bridge between theDatabase Management Serviceand the database.

Enables secure data collection, monitoring, and performance analysis.

Uses encryption to protect data during transmission.

Facilitates monitoring, alerting, and management through OCI services.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Backup and recovery operations:These are typically handled by backup tools, not the management agent.

C. OS management:The agent does not manage the operating system itself.

D. Patching and upgrades:While it can assist, it is not specifically designed for patch management.

C. MySQL Shell Upgrade Checker Utility:

The utility analyzes MySQL instances for compatibility with newer versions, such as MySQL 8.0 used by HeatWave.

It checks for:

Syntax differences

Data type mismatches

Deprecated features

The tool outputs a report highlighting issues that may impact migration to HeatWave.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. MySQL Enterprise Monitor:Focuses on monitoring performance, not compatibility.

B. Oracle SQL Developer:Primarily used for database development, not upgrade checks.

D. Oracle Cloud Advisor:Provides cloud optimization recommendations, not MySQL compatibility checks.

E. MySQL Workbench:A visual tool for database design and administration, not specifically for upgrade assessment.

Data Access in Key-Value Stores:

A key-value database works by storing data askey-value pairs. The primary access methodinvolves:

Providing aunique keyto quickly retrieve the associated value.

This model is highly efficient forsimple lookupsand data retrieval where thekey is known.

Due to itssimplicity and speed, it is commonly used for caching and session management.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:SQL queries are used in relational databases, not key-value stores.

C:Traversing nodes is typical ingraph databases.

D:Scanning all documents is inefficient and not the primary method in key-value stores.

Tagging in Database Management:

Tags in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure are essential fororganizing and managing resources.

Grouping Databases (A):Tags allow databases to be grouped logically, simplifying management and performance analysis.

Filtering and Searching (C):Tags make it easier to find specific databases within theDatabase Management console, improving efficiency in large environments.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B:Tags do not propagate automatically; they must be configured properly.

D:Tags are actively used in Database Management for organizing and filtering.

Exadata's Unique Architecture:

Exadata Database Service is engineered specifically for Oracle Database workloads. The architecture leverages specialized storage servers that performdata-intensive operations at the storage level(such as filtering and aggregation), reducing the amount of data sent to the compute nodes.

TheRoCE network(RDMA over Converged Ethernet) provides high-bandwidth, low-latency connectivity between compute and storage nodes, significantly enhancing I/O performance. This architecture is optimized for bothOLTP and OLAP workloads, making Exadata a superior choice for performance-critical applications.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Exadata combines both virtualized and bare metal compute nodes.

C:Both Exadata and traditional cloud deployments can support Oracle RAC, but Exadata is optimized for it.

D:Exadata uses the same Oracle Database SQL parsing engine; the difference lies in the optimized hardware.

Managing Exadata Infrastructure:

OCI Console and APIs (B):The primary method for managing Exadata Infrastructure is through theOracle Cloud Infrastructure Consoleand associated APIs. This includes provisioning, scaling, patching, and monitoring the Exadata environment.

Oracle-Managed Infrastructure (E):Exadata Infrastructure management is fully handled by Oracle, which means customers do not have direct access to the underlying hardware. This managed approach ensureshigh availability and security.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Customers do not have root access to Exadata compute nodes to ensure security and system integrity.

C:Thedbcli utilityis designed for VM DB Systems, not Exadata Infrastructure management.

D:Exadata storage cells are managed by Oracle, and customers cannot directly modify storage configurations.

B. Automated Patching via OCI Console/API:

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure offers automated patching tools specifically designed for Exadata Database Service.

These tools coordinate patching across database and storage servers, ensuring consistency.

Features include rolling patching to minimize downtime.

Automation significantly reduces human error and ensures that both database and storage servers are patched efficiently.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Manual patching:Prone to errors and time-consuming, especially for complex Exadata environments.

C. Default OS auto-update:Insufficient for comprehensive patching of Exadata components.

D. Ignoring storage servers:Unsafe and could lead to security vulnerabilities.

VCN Requirement (B):

AVirtual Cloud Network (VCN)with appropriate subnets is essential to providenetwork connectivity and isolationfor the HeatWave DB system. It ensures secure data flow within the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

License Requirement (E):

Since HeatWave is anenterprise feature, it requires aMySQL Enterprise Edition license.Without this license, the HeatWave functionalities cannot be utilized.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Data loading can be performed post-provisioning.

C:While encryption can be configured, it is not a prerequisite.

D:An OCI Compute instance may be used as a client but is not mandatory for provisioning.

Purpose of Pre-Check Utility:

Thepre-check utilityin BaseDB ensures that thedatabase environment is readyfor the upcoming patch or upgrade. It checks for:

Compatibility issueswith the existing software and configurations.

Resource availability(like CPU, memory, and storage).

Dependencies and prerequisitesneeded for a successful upgrade.By identifying potential conflicts in advance, pre-checksminimize the risk of upgrade failuresand reduce downtime.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Backup is a separate process.

C:Pre-check does not install or validate in a test environment.

D:Performance optimization happens post-upgrade.

E:Data migration is unrelated to the pre-check process.

A:Data disk group encryption using OCI Vault provides enhanced security for sensitive data by encrypting data stored within the Exadata storage cells.

B:During provisioning, the size of theDATA and RECO disk groupsmust be specified. The DATA disk group is used for primary database files, while the RECO disk group is used for recovery-related files.

Why the other options are incorrect:

C:CPU count is part of the compute configuration, not storage.

D:Compression and deduplication settings are managed at the database level, not during storage configuration.

E:Database name and version are part of the database configuration, not storage settings.

C. Using Oracle Data Guard with asynchronous replication to a different availability domain within the same region.

Asynchronous Replication:

Minimizes performance impact while ensuring data protection.

Placing standby in the same region reduces latency and cost.

Fast switchover reduces RTO.

Why the other options are less effective:

A. Full backups:Time-consuming for recovery.

B. Synchronous to a remote region:Increases latency and cost.

D. Incremental backups:Slower recovery process.

E. Custom script:Complex and less reliable than Data Guard.

C. CSV, Parquet, and Avro files:

HeatWave Lakehousecan directly query data stored inOCI Object Storagewithout loading it into MySQL.

Supports widely-used data formats:

CSV (Comma Separated Values): Simple, text-based data format.

Parquet: Columnar storage format optimized for analytical queries.

Avro: Row-oriented format used for data serialization.

This versatility allows integrating data from various sources and querying directly.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Only CSV files:HeatWave supports more than just CSV.

B. Only Parquet files:HeatWave also supports CSV and Avro.

D. Only JSON files:JSON is not directly supported by HeatWave Lakehouse.

E. Only XML files:XML is not directly supported.

B. Ensure all user accounts and privileges are compatible with MySQL 8.0:

MySQL HeatWaveis based onMySQL 8.0, so compatibility is crucial.

User accounts and privileges must be updated to match the security and syntax requirements of MySQL 8.0.

If any incompatibility is detected, the accounts should be recreated on the target HeatWave instance.

Typical issues include changes inpassword hashing algorithms,privilege structure, androle management.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Resetting passwords to default:Risky from a security perspective and unnecessary.

C. Deleting user accounts except root:This drastically limits access and disrupts database operations.

D. External authentication (LDAP):Not mandatory or relevant to compatibility with HeatWave.

E. Merging accounts into a single 'admin':Violates best practices for user management and security.

C. Each data item is uniquely identified by a key, and the associated value can be any data type or structure.

Key-Value Data Model:

The key-value model is fundamentally based on a simple association between a unique key and its corresponding value.

The value can be a simple data type (string, number) or a complex structure (like JSON).

Oracle NoSQL Database Cloud Service uses this model to ensure efficient, scalable data access.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Organized into tables with schemas:This represents a relational database model.

B. Stored as JSON documents:Although NoSQL can store JSON, the fundamental model is still key-value.

D. Relationships defined through foreign keys and joins:This is typical of relational databases.

E. Graph format with nodes and edges:Represents a graph database model, not key-value.

B. Social Media Platform:

Social media applications require quick retrieval of user profiles based on unique IDs.

The key-value model supports fast lookups and simple data associations, ideal for user-centric data.

The flexibility of storing user attributes in a single document enhances performance and scalability.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Complex analytical queries:Relational or analytical databases are better suited.

C. Financial systems:Require ACID compliance and complex joins, not suitable for key-value models.

D. Content management:Typically requires a more structured approach, better handled by document databases.

E. ERP systems:Need relational integrity and complex schema support.

Performance Hub Real-Time SQL Monitoring:

ThePerformance Hubin Oracle Database Management provides detailed real-time monitoring of SQL queries, including:

Physical Reads (A):Measures the number of physical I/O operations performed by a SQL statement.

Average Active Sessions (B):Reflects the number of sessions actively performing database operations, giving insights into workload and bottlenecks.

These metrics help database administratorsanalyze query performanceand detect issues in real-time.

Why the other options are incorrect:

C:Number of CPUs is a hardware metric, not part of SQL monitoring.

D:Database version is static information, not a performance metric.

A. Automatically optimizing query execution plans for best performance.

Query Optimization:

Query optimization is handled by the database engine itself, not the SDK.

SDKs are primarily focused on providing an interface for data operations, not on internal query optimization.

Why the other options are typical SDK functions:

B. Constructing requests:SDKs facilitate building and sending data manipulation requests.

C. Serializing data:Converting data between application objects and database formats is a core SDK function.

D. Handling pagination:SDKs often include utilities to manage large result sets.

Database Software Upgrade:

When upgrading theOracle Database software versionon aBaseDB VM, a newOracle Homeis created to house the upgraded software. Once the database is moved to this new home, the process isnot easily reversible.

Rolling back would requiredowngrading, which is a complex and risky process.

The new Oracle Home ensures that the upgraded database environment isisolated from the previous version, preventing compatibility conflicts.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Grid Infrastructure upgrades can be managed independently of the database upgrade.

B:Scaling VMs is a reversible operation.

D:OS patches do not impact the Oracle Home directly.

E:ASM configuration changes are reversible.