H12-725_V4.0 HCIP-Security V4.0 Exam Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei firewalls come with a built-in URL filtering database, which includes predefined categories such as:

Malicious websites

Phishing sites

Social media

Business services

The URL category database is periodically updated by Huawei, ensuring that new threats are detected automatically.

Why is this statement true?

Administrators do not need to manually load URL categories; they are delivered with the firewall and updated regularly.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → URL Filtering & Web Security

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

ATIC (Advanced Threat Intelligence Center) systemconsists of:

SecoManager (Management Center)→ Manages security policies.

Detection devices→ Analyze traffic for threats.

Cleaning devices→ Mitigate attacks.

Why is B false?

ATIC architecture does not include a "collector and controller" structure.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → ATIC System Architecture

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Portal authentication requires active session monitoring.

User logout can be triggered by multiple methods:

A. Portal server logout→ The Portal system forcefully logs out a user.

B. Authentication server logout→ The authentication system revokes access.

C. User-initiated logout→ The user manually logs out via a Portal page.

D. Access device logout→ If the firewall detects inactivity, it can remove the session.

Why are all options correct?

Each method can trigger a user logout in Portal authentication.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication Logout Mechanisms

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DDoS defense mechanisms rely on threshold settingsto distinguish between normal and attack traffic.

Thresholds define:

Maximumallowedtraffic volume.

When exceeded, firewallstrigger mitigation actions(blocking, rate-limiting, etc.).

Why is this statement true?

Threshold-based detection is a fundamental part of DDoS mitigation.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DDoS Attack Prevention Thresholds

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Windows system hardening improves security by reducing attack surfaces.

Recommended security measures include:

A. Periodically checking account permissions→ Prevents unauthorized access.

B. Canceling default sharing→ Reduces exposure to remote attacks.

C. Restricting the number of users→ Limits access to essential personnel.

Why is D incorrect?

Changing the default TTL value does not directly enhance system security.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Windows Hardening Best Practices

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate applicationto trick users into installing it.

Transmission methods:

A. Exploiting vulnerabilities→ Attackers use system/software vulnerabilities to inject Trojans.

B. Bundled in software→ Trojans are included in cracked software or pirated applications.

C. Downloaded from third-party sites→ Users unknowingly install malware from untrusted sources.

D. Masquerading as useful software→ Fake tools trick users into installation.

Why are all options correct?

All listed methods are common ways Trojans spread.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Malware & Trojan Horse Attacks

1. Virtual System → Services and routes can be isolated.

A virtual system (VS)in Huawei firewalls is afully isolated security instancewithin a single physical firewall.

Each virtual system hasseparate services, routing tables, policies, and security rules, ensuring full isolation between different users or tenants.

2. VPN Instance → Only route isolation can be implemented.

AVPN instance (VRF - Virtual Routing and Forwarding)providesroute isolationfor different customer networks butdoes not isolate services or security policies.

This is typically used inMPLS VPN deploymentswhere different customers share the same physical device but need isolated routing tables.

3. VPN Instance → VPN instances are automatically generated.

In someMPLS VPNorSDN-managed networks, VPN instances can beautomatically createdwhen customer configurations are pushed via controllers.

Dynamic routing protocols (e.g., BGP/MPLS VPN) can automatically generateVRF instancesbased on network policies.

4. Virtual System → An instance needs to be manually created.

Unlike VPN instances,virtual systems must be manually createdby an administrator on the firewall.

Each virtual system functions as acompletely independent firewall, requiring manual configuration ofinterfaces, policies, and routing settings.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Regular expressions (regex) are used in data filtering to detect patterns in traffic.

*b.d Explanation:

b→ The word must start with 'b'.

.* → Matches any number of characters (wildcard).

d→ The word must end with 'd'.

Testing the given words:

A. abroad (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

B. beside (✔matches)→ Starts with "b" but does not end with "d".

C. boring (✔allowed)→ Doesnotstart with "b" and end with "d" (safe to post).

D. bad (❌blocked)→ Starts with "b" and ends with "d" (matches the regex).

Why is C correct?

"boring" does not match the regex pattern, so it is not blocked.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Regular Expressions in Data Filtering

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Outbound intelligent uplink selectionenables optimal routing decisions based on network conditions.

Smart DNS, Global Route Selection Policy, and ISP-Based Route Selectionare all part of intelligent uplink selection.

Why is A incorrect?

PBR is NOT an intelligent uplink selection technology; it applies static rules for traffic forwarding instead.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Intelligent Traffic Steering

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

1️⃣Understanding HWTACACS:

HWTACACS (Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System)is aHuawei-proprietaryAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) protocol.

It isbased on the TACACS+ protocolbut optimized for Huawei devices.

Why the Statement is False?

The statement contains atechnical inaccuracyabout thetransport protocolused by HWTACACS.

Incorrect:"It uses UDP for transmission."

Correct:HWTACACS uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), not UDP.

TACACS+ and HWTACACS both use TCP (port 49) for reliable communication.

Key Features of HWTACACS:

A screenshot of a computer AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Why TCP is Used Instead of UDP?

TCP ensures reliable deliveryof AAA messages.

UnlikeRADIUS (which uses UDP), HWTACACS does not suffer from packet loss issuessince TCP provides retransmission and flow control.

Where is HWTACACS Used?

Device Login Authentication→ Securely managesnetwork administrators accessing Huawei routers, switches, and firewalls.

Authorization Control→ Grants specific command-level privileges to users.

Accounting→ Logs command execution for auditing purposes.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

GRE over IPsecis used totunnel non-IP traffic, multicast, and dynamic routing protocolsover IPsec VPN.

Tunnel mode is requiredbecause:

Transport mode only encrypts the payload, but GRE needs the entireoriginal IP packet encrypted.

Tunnel mode encrypts the entire packet(original + GRE headers), ensuring full encapsulation.

Why is this statement true?

GRE over IPsec must use tunnel modeto fully encapsulate and protect packets.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Authentication-free rules allow unauthenticated users to access essential services before login.

The following traffic must be allowed before authentication:

DNS traffic→ Users need to resolve domain names for the Portal page.

Portal page access→ The captive portal must be reachable.

RADIUS server communication→ Users must authenticate via RADIUS.

Why is this statement true?

Without these authentication-free rules, users would be unable to reach thePortal login page.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Portal Authentication-Free Rules

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IKE (Internet Key Exchange) proposalincludes:

Encryption algorithm→ Ensures data confidentiality.

Authentication algorithm→ Verifies the identity of peers.

Encapsulation mode→ Defines whether IPsec operates intunnel mode or transport mode.

Why is C the correct answer?

Negotiation mode is not part of the IKE proposal; it is configured separately in the IKE policy.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IKE Configuration

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IPsec does not support non-IP traffic (e.g., multicast, routing protocols, or legacy protocols like IPX).

GRE over IPsec allows encapsulation of:

A. IPX→ Legacy protocol supported via GRE.

B. VRRP→ Uses multicast, which GRE supports.

C. IPv6→ GRE tunnels can carry IPv6 over IPv4.

D. OSPF→ Uses multicast (224.0.0.5 & 224.0.0.6), requiring GRE.

Why are all options correct?

GRE over IPsec is required for non-unicast and legacy protocols.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → GRE over IPsec Deployment